Case or cover for hobby equipment

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a cover or case for goods, in particular for use as a cover or case for hobby or sports equipment. In an embodiment, the case has an inner portion, formed of expanded polypropylene (ePP) and defining a cavity for receiving at least part of the item. The case also includes an outer layer, formed of self-reinforcing polypropylene (srPP), arranged to cover an outer surface of at least part of the inner portion. In further embodiments, the cover is formed of two or more sections that may be arranged to at least partially overlap, wherein adjusting the overlap of the at least two sections changes the dimensions of an inner cavity within the cover or case. The case may be telescoping, in order to provide adjustable dimensions for a cavity within the case.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a cover or case for goods, in particular foruse as a cover or case for hobby or sports equipment. The cover or casemay be for transportation or storage of goods. In some examples, thecover or case may be especially suitable for use as a cover or case forspecialised sports equipment such as a board used in sports such as asurfboard, windsurfing board, paddleboard, skis, a snowboard, andbicycles such as road cycling bicycles and mountain bicycles. However,some examples of the case may be suitable for containing other hobbyequipment, such as types of sports equipment, musical equipment, orphotography equipment.

In some examples, the cover can be adjusted in order to conform to thedimensions of the sports equipment or board. Therefore, the cover isparticularly useful to accommodate different sizes and shapes of sportsequipment or board. The case may be telescoping, in order to provideadjustable dimensions for a cavity within the case.

BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION

Many sports require use of specialised equipment. In particular, sportssuch as road cycling, mountain biking, surfing, kiteboarding,paddleboarding, windsurfing, skiing or snowboarding require use ofspecialised and fragile equipment in order to participate in the sport.Often, such equipment is carried or transported to a new location forparticipation in the sport. Such transportation poses a risk of damageto the equipment, which can often be bulky or unwieldy due to their sizeand shape.

An additional consideration when transporting such a sports equipment(such as a board) is that of weight. Some methods of transporting theequipment (for example, via an air carrier) impose restrictions oradditional costs on the user based on the weight or size of thetransported items. As such, it is desirable that any cover designed toprotect the equipment (such as a board) during transportation weighs aslittle as possible and does not add unnecessary bulk.

Commonly, sports boards may be transported enclosed in a board bag orcover. The cover may be a purpose built, soft fabric bag or be a hardcase with a rigid outer shell. The fabric bags may comprise a fabriccover with one or more foam inner liners arranged to surround the board.Once the board has been placed inside the bag, the bag may be sealedusing a Velcro or zip fastener running around the edge of the openinginto the bag or a drawstring at one end of the bag, the other end beingstitched shut.

As an alternative, hard cases may be used. The hard case may be madewith an outer shell of moulded plastic and also include an inner layercomprising soft padding. The hard cases are commonly opened with a lidat the nose or tail end, or by forming the case in two halves in themanner of a suitcase (in other words, hinged along one edge of the boardbag or cover). The two halves may be joined by a closure (such as alatch or zip). The board may then be enclosed within the hard shelledcase between the soft padded layers.

Soft bags or cases may be beneficial in that they are less unwieldy tocarry than a hard case. Nevertheless, a hard case may provide a morerobust shielding for the board compared to a soft case, although it isheavier and can be more bulky and cumbersome to carry. Furthermore, hardcases are often substantially more expensive than soft cases.

To ensure the best protection for the board, it is preferable to have atight, snug fit of the inner surfaces of the case or bag against theboard itself. Accordingly, bags or cases must be large enough toaccommodate the board, but not so large that the board can move or slidearound within the bag (which could result in damage). Ideally, the innerpadding of the bag will readily conform to the shape of the board, inorder to cushion or hold the board in place.

In view of this, the types of covers for boards that are currentlyavailable are produced in different sizes (lengths and widths) or aredesigned for different shapes or types of board. As such, it is usuallynecessary for an individual to buy a specific cover of particulardimensions for each board owned, significantly increasing the costs ofowning multiple boards. Furthermore, boards can vary widely in shape andsize, and board covers not specifically designed to carry a particularboard do not necessarily fit well. For example, it can be particularlydifficult to obtain a well-fitting bag for custom made boards which havenon-standard dimensions. One solution to this problem is to increase theamount of internal padding within the bag in order to fill any gapsbetween the board and the case. However, this approach willsignificantly increase the overall weight of the bag or board cover.

To accommodate standard sizes of sports board, a sports board cover orbag (the 3DxFit Dayrunner by FCS) has been provided having anelasticated section in the lengthways direction of the board. Thismaintains a tight fit for the cover around a particular size of board,but does not allow for substantial adjustment of the size of the cover.Alternatively, a board bag has been produced (the Adjustable Dayrunnerby FCS) which allows the length of the bag to be adjusted by modifyingthe coupling between two halves of a bag using Velcro straps. However,the Velcro straps are placed at intervals, and so only offer a specificselection of lengths for the board bag. The cover also cannot by adaptedto accommodate different widths of sports board.

As such, there is a need for an adjustable board bag that is bothlightweight and well-fitting and therefore capable of providing superiorprotection for any board it contains.

Many sports, hobbies and consumer or industrial items require the use ofspecialised and fragile equipment. The proper storage, carriage anddelivery without damage of these items is of paramount importance to theowner or the transporting parties (e.g. retailers or carrier companies).Some such items are particularly susceptible to shock impact damage ortemperature variation damage whilst in transit. Furthermore, weightrestrictions (or costs imposed as a consequence of the weight of theitem to be transported) mean that it is often of interest to reduce theweight of the packaged item. This can be achieved by minimising theweight of any packaging.

Commonly items are transported either in bags that lack rigidity or inrigid packing cases or boxes. For instance, soft shell or non-rigid bagscan be made from various materials—commonly polyester, PVC, cotton,cardboard or nylon materials. Alternatively, hard or rigid cases orboxes may be manufactured from plastics materials such as acrylonitrilebutadiene styrene, ABS. The inside of either the soft or rigid versionsof a carry case are often padded with commonly available types of foamssuch as ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) or expanded polyethylene (EPE).Thus the fragile item is carried in some form of padded bag or box.Nevertheless, these commonly used materials may only offer relativelylimited protection and may also degrade after a low number of impacts.

A hard or rigid case may provide better protection for the item than asoft case. Nevertheless, the hard case may result in an increased costof manufacture. Hard boxes may also have considerably more weight—thisin turn brings more ongoing cost with air and road haulage which areoften charged by weight. For these reasons, although the protection maybe less, soft bags or cases may be preferred by a user as they aregenerally less unwieldy and weigh less than a hard case.

Therefore, there is a need for a case or cover for containing an itemthat is lightweight for transportation, but that is robust to protect anitem from damage.

Transportation of consumer goods, both locally and internationally, iscommonplace. Secure and robust packaging during transportation is ofprimary importance in order to prevent damage to the freighted goods,and also to allow transportation of bulk quantities. Not only must thepackaging be robust however, it must also be space efficient. As thecosts of transportation increase with the volume of the freighted goods,it is beneficial for any packaging box or case to take up the minimumvolume for any given packaged article. Furthermore, providing a ‘snug’fit to a packaged product holds the product in place and so furtherprotects against damage.

Despite the advantages for providing a well-fitting case or box to carrygoods, articles to be stored or transported make take any size or shape.As such, it can be a challenge to provide a well-fitting case fortransportation or storage of a given article. In some circumstances, apackaging box may be specifically designed to fit a particular itemergonomically, and with effective use of space. However, this may onlybe economic where large quantities of a product are transported orstored. In situations where different, specialised products aretransported or carried, the ideal dimensions for a packaging case or boxmay differ for each individual item. Therefore, a supplier wishing totransport and package a range of goods may need to obtain a number ofdifferent cases or boxes of different size or shapes.

In other circumstances, a user may make use of a box or packaging casethat does not provide a tight fit to an item. In this case, the userwill then ‘bespoke’ package the item in order to better fit thepackaging case. For example, the extra space within the packaging casemay be filled with foam chips or resilient packaging, bubble wrap orother types of air pocket. Alternatively, a cardboard retainer may beuse to hold the item in place within the packaging case. In some cases,the item itself may be wrapped in various layers until the item issecurely fitted within the packaging case. This type of bespokepackaging for each individual item can substantially increase the timerequired for packaging each item on the part of the sender. Furthermore,this type of bespoke packaging often leads to extra waste, as theadditional packaging is often immediately disposed of by the endreceiver of the goods.

Accordingly, there is a need for a case, box or enclosure that can beused to transport or store an item, which provides robust protectionwhilst also being convenient and space efficient. In particular, thereis a need for a case that is adaptable, so that the dimensions of thecase can be adjusted to fit the item to be placed therein.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a cover for sports equipment, in particular acover for a sports board such as a surfboard, a kiteboard, apaddleboard, a windsurfing board or a snowboard. The cover comprises atleast two sections or portions. The sections are concave shell portionswhich each conform to the shape of the board in order to closely holdand encase at least a section of the board.

In one embodiment, the board is enclosed between two concave shellportions. Each shell portion covers or receives around half to twothirds of the volume of the board. In one embodiment, each shell portionextends along the full length of the board and across approximately halfthe width of the board. The shell portions wrap around the sides of theboard to extend across each substantially planar surface of the board.The first shell portion is arranged to fit around at least a first halfof the board, and the second shell portion is arranged to fit around atleast a second half of the board. The two shell portions can then befitted together around the board to enclose the board in the shell. Thetwo shell portions are fitted together such that the second shellportion is received within the first shell portion, with at least aportion of each of the shell portions overlapping along the centre ofthe board where the two shell portions meet. The two shell portions maybe secured together, for example by using a fastener or buckle, and/orby providing a pivot connection between the first and second shellportion at one end.

In another embodiment, the cover is comprised of four concave shellportions, with each shell portion covering or enclosing slightly morethan a quarter of the board. The four shell portions can then bearranged in two pairs such that each pair encloses around half theboard. A first pair of the shell portions (a first and second shellportion) encloses a first half of the board by arranging the first shellportion to surround approximately a quarter of the board, and the secondshell portion to surround around approximately an adjacent quarter ofthe board. The first and second shell portions are then connectedtogether, with the edges of the second shell portion partially receivedby the first shell portion such that the edges overlap. The connectedfirst and second shell portions define a cavity which receives aroundhalf the board when the cover is in use. The second pair of shellportions (the third and the fourth shell portion) may then be arrangedaround the remaining half of the board such that the edges of the fourthshell portion overlaps with the edges of the third shell portion. Thethird and fourth shell portions also define a cavity which receivesaround half the board when the cover is in use. The two pairs of shellportions may be pushed together to surround or enclose the board, andprovide a cover giving robust protection. The edges of the first pair ofshell portions will overlap with the edges of the second pair of shellportions, in order to enclose the cavity or volume within. Thearrangement of the shell portions can be adjusted by changing the amountby which the different sections overlap. Advantageously, this willincrease or decrease the size of the cavity defined within the cover andallow the cover to be fitted to boards of different dimensions.

To allow for easier arrangement of the four shell portions around theboard, the first pair of shell portions (the first and second shellportion) may be connected via a pivot at one end. The second pair ofshell portions (the third and fourth shell portion) may also beconnected via a pivot at one end. In other words, the two pairs of shellportions each act as a “clamshell” enclosure around approximately halfthe board each. The two pairs of shell portions may then close aroundthe board in a “scissor” action, such that the two pairs cooperate toencapsulate the board in between. Once the cover is closed around theboard, the first pivot is adjacent to the nose of the board and thesecond pivot is adjacent to the tail of the board. The four shellportions can then be secured relative to each other using fasteners(such as buckles or straps), in order that the cover is firmly held toencapsulate the board and prevent the board from moving within thecover. As such, the board is afforded improved protection by the coveror case.

In a first aspect, there is provided a cover for sports equipment suchas a sports board, comprising a first and a second shell portion eachhaving an inner surface, the first and second shell portion arrangedwith the inner surfaces facing each other, and the second shell portionformed to be at least partially received within the first shell portionso as to form a first part of an enclosure having an open end. There isfurther provided a third and a fourth shell portion each having an innersurface, the third and fourth shell portion arranged with the innersurfaces facing each other, and the fourth shell portion formed to be atleast partially received within the third shell portion so as to form asecond part of an enclosure having an open end. The open end of thesecond part of the enclosure is configured to be at least partiallyreceived into the open end of the first part of the enclosure to definea cavity for receiving the sports equipment.

Ideally, the shell portions are configured such that their innersurfaces conform to the shape of the sports equipment or board. Theshell portion has a curved inner surface which forms a hollow or cavityto receive a portion of the board. The depth of the cavity is ideallyapproximately the depth of the board, such that the shell portion wrapsaround the sides of the board and covers an area of both substantiallyplanar surfaces of the board. Preferably, the shell portions are notidentical in size and shape as they are configured to allow forconnection with each other as described below.

In some embodiments, each shell portion or shell portion enclosesslightly more than one quarter the volume of the board. For example,each shell portion has a length slightly more than half the length ofthe board and a width slightly more than half the width of the board.However, the shell portions will not necessarily enclose a quarter ofthe board, and may include more or less of the board.

The first and second shell portions are arranged such that the innersurfaces face each other. In other words, the first and second shellportions are arranged such that the cavities formed by the shell shapeof the first and second shell portions are arranged adjacent andopposite each other. When the first and second shell portions arejoined, a single cavity is formed which is configured to receive aroundhalf the volume of the board when the cover is in use. The third andfourth shell portions are arranged in a similar fashion with respect toeach other.

The first and second shell portions are joined by the insertion of thesecond shell portion at least partially into the cavity of the firstshell portion. In other words, some of the open edge regions of thefirst and second shell portions at least partially overlap. In aparticular example, the first and second shell portions join together toform a cover around approximately half the volume of the board. In asimilar way, the third and fourth shell portions join to define a cavityto receive at least a portion of the board. The fourth shell portion ispartially received into the cavity of the third shell portion in orderthat the open edges overlap. Together, the third and fourth shellportions define a cavity which receives approximately half the volume ofthe board. In other embodiments, more or less than half the board may beenclosed by the first and second or by the third and fourth shellportions (for example, the first and second portions may covertwo-thirds of the board, and the third and fourth portions may cover theremaining third of the board so as to encase the board).

The two pairs of shell portions (the first and second, and the third andfourth shell portions) can be joined by inserting the open edges of thethird and fourth shell portions into the cavity of the first and secondshell portions. When the two pairs are pushed together, they enclose theboard to form a cover.

The two pairs of shell portions (which form a first and second enclosurepart) are joined such that the first enclosure part at least partiallyoverlaps with the second enclosure part. In other words, the first pairof shell portions (the first and second shell portions, or firstenclosure part) are configured to have an open edge region thatpartially overlaps with a region at the open edge of the second pair ofshell portions (the third and fourth shell portions, or second enclosurepart). When the pairs are pushed together, the two enclosure parts canco-operate and enclose a volume suitable to contain a board.

It will be understood that, although the cover is described herein withreference to a sports board, a cover or case could be provided in asimilar manner for other goods or item. This will require an appropriatechoice for the shape and sizes of the concave portions. For instance,the case or cover could be for cycling equipment, or other sportsequipment or hobby equipment.

Preferably, the size and/or dimensions of the cavity or volume areadjustable by varying the amount by which the second shell portion isreceived into the first shell portion, by varying the amount by whichthe fourth shell portion is received into the third shell portion and/orby varying the amount by which the second part of the enclosure isreceived into the first part of the enclosure. As an example, the firstand second shell portion may be pushed closer together to overlap more(so as to reduce the size of the cavity defined), or moved apart so asto overlap less (so as to increase the size of the cavity defined).Similarly, the third and fourth shell portions can be made to overlapmore or less, or the first and second enclosure portions may be made tooverlap more or less. All of these adjustments change the dimensions ofthe cavity or volume defined. Advantageously, adjusting the dimensionsof the cavity allows the cover to be adaptable to suit many types,shapes and sizes of board or other equipment (for example, havingdifferent lengths and widths). Beneficially, providing a closely fittingcover provides improved protection for a range of boards, as movement orslipping of the board within the cover is reduced.

Preferably, the first, second, third and fourth shell portions may beconcave and have a substantially U-shaped cross-section. In one example,the concave shell portions have a U-shaped cross-section in an axiswhich, when the cover is in use, is across the width of the board, aswell as in the axis which, when the cover is in use, is along the lengthof the board. In other words, the concave shell portions have a curvedinner surface which defines a cavity into which the board is received,such that the concave portion folds around the edges of the board andextends across the large planar surfaces of the board. Beneficially,this encases the board, and so provides good protection. The U-shapedcross-section may be configured to define a cavity having a depth thatis approximately the same as the board, in order to encase the boardwith a snug fit. However, the shell portions are not necessarily rigidor semi rigid, and may be formed from a flexible material which canmaintain some shape or which forms a U-shaped cross-section when theboard is received within the shell portions.

Advantageously, the first part of the enclosure and the second part ofthe enclosure have a closed end distal to the open end. The first partof the enclosure (formed by the first and second shell portions) and thesecond part of the enclosure (formed by the third and fourth shellportions) each have an open edge or end. In other words, the enclosureparts define a cavity having a lip or edge to define an opening throughwhich the board can be received into the cavity. The cavity ispreferably a closed cavity (having an open end, and an opposite closedend) as this provides improved protection for the board. Nonetheless, insome embodiments an opening or hole may be provided in the shellportions in a region away from the open end. For example, the shellportions may incorporate a vent to allow moisture to escape form thecover.

Preferably, the first shell portion is pivotably connected to the secondshell portion to form the first part of the enclosure, the pivot pointbeing arranged at an end of the first part of the enclosure distal tothe open end. In one example, the first and second shell portions arejoined at an end. For example, the pivot may be arranged such that it islocated adjacent the nose or the tail of the board when the cover is inuse. Beneficially, the pivot improves the ease of handling and operationof the cover. The first and second shell portions can be closed (in themanner of a clam shell) around at least a portion of the board. Therelative positions of the first and second shell portions allow thecover to be modified to accommodate different widths of the board.

Preferably, the third shell portion is pivotably connected to the fourthshell portion to form the second part of the enclosure, the pivot pointbeing arranged at an end of the second part of the enclosure distal tothe open end. In other words, the second closure part is arranged in asimilar manner to the first enclosure part (like a clam shell). As notedwith respect to the first enclosure portion, this improves usability andcauses the cover to be easier to operate. Furthermore, it aids theability of the cover to be adjusted to modify the volume of the cavityenclosed by the cover, as the shell portions may be pushed together (orrotated further apart) in order to allow the cover to contain differentsizes of board.

Advantageously, the first and second shell portions and/or the third andthe fourth shell portions and/or the first and the second part of theenclosure cooperate with each other to provide an interference fit. Eachedge of a shell portion which overlaps with an edge of another shellportion may be configured to provide an interference fit. For example,this could be provided by co-operating ridges and valleys on thecorresponding faces of the shell portions, in order they can be pushedtogether but then released only upon mechanical manipulation. In someexamples, the shell portions may have an interconnecting lip and sill atthe open edge regions of the shell portions which are designed tointerconnect with one another.

The inner surface of the first part of the enclosure may at leastpartially comprise teeth and the outer surface of the second part of theenclosure may at least partially comprise teeth, the teeth at the firstpart of the enclosure configured to interlock with the teeth at thesecond part of the enclosure. Interlocking teeth could also be providedat other surface regions where different shell portions overlap. Forexample, the interlocking teeth may comprise at opposing surfaces stepsand valleys which cooperate to act as a connection or fasteningmechanism between the two enclosure parts or two shell portions. Thesteps and valleys may be configured so that they engage to form aratcheting mechanism (in other words, the surfaces can be moved withrespect to each other easily in one direction, but with much moreopposition in the other direction). For example, each of the teeth mayhave a steep step at one side, and a gradual slope on the other side. Amechanism or tool may be provided to separate the surfaces comprisingthe interlocking teeth, in order that the surfaces can be moved apartwith respect to each other to open the cover. The use of interlockingteeth may act to secure the shell portions firmly in place around theboard.

Preferably, the cover comprises at least one fastener for connection ofthe first shell portion to the second shell portion and/or the thirdshell portion to the fourth shell portion and/or the first part of theenclosure to the second part of the enclosure. The fastener may be usedto securely hold the shell portions in position relative to each other,in order to maintain a volume within the cover suitable for enclosingand securely encapsulating the board. The fasteners will ideally holdthe shell portions tightly around the board.

Advantageously, the fastener is adjustable to vary the amount by whichthe second shell portion is received into the first shell portion and/orto vary the amount by which the fourth shell portion is received intothe third shell portion and/or to vary the amount by which the secondpart of the enclosure is received into the first part of the enclosure.This allows the fastener to be adjusted so than the shell portions canbe moved relative to each other, whilst still being held in place by thefastener. In other words, the fastener is adjustable such that the covercan be modified from a first configuration to contain a narrow board toa second configuration to contain a wider board. Accordingly, the boardcover can be easily modified to be used with a variety of boards havingdifferent dimensions and shapes.

Optionally, the fastener is selected from the group consisting of: aself-locking mechanism, a tie strap, a Velcro strap, a strap and buckle,Velcro, a zip, a tension clasp, a ratchet clasp. The fastener may be anytype of fastener, clasp or clip which allows the shell portions to betightly connected together. Ideally, the fastener provides a securefastening that will not accidentally be opened during transportation orhandling of the cover. However, the fastener will be able to be openedby the user without great difficulty at the time they intend to open thecover (for instance, by using suitable mechanical manipulation, or byuse of a key or other appropriate device). Preferably, the fastener willalso be adjustable, such that the shell portions secured by the fastenercan be held in different positions with respect to each other. Thisallows the cover to accommodate boards of differing sizes or dimensions.

The shell portions may comprise a plurality of layers. Preferably, theplurality of layers comprises at least a robust outer layer and aresilient inner layer. In some examples, the shell portions may comprisetwo, three, four or more layers. In general, the outer layers will bemore robust and provide a higher-strength barrier than the inner layers.For example, the outer layer may be a rigid, semi-rigid or flexibleshell. The outer layer may be comprised of a reinforced composite. Inone example, one or more layers may comprise srPP material. An importantpurpose of the outer layer or layers is to prevent penetration from theoutside into the cover (which could puncture, break or otherwise damagethe board). The outer layer may also provide an attractive appearance atthe outside of the cover, and may cause the board bag or cover to beweatherproof or waterproof. In contrast, the inner layers may primarilybe provided to cushion the board and to better hold the board inposition. The inner layers may be deformable to better conform to theshape of the board. As a result, the inner layers help reduce damagefrom impact to the board (for example, if the board and case weredropped in transit). For the same reason, the inner layers ideally lookto prevent the board slipping and moving within the cover.Advantageously, both the inner and outer layers are kept as thin andlightweight as possible (whilst still performing their intendedfunction), in order to avoid adding unnecessary bulk or weight to thebag. Accordingly, the cover is easier and less cumbersome to transport.As will be understood by the skilled person, the shell portions do notnecessarily comprise a plurality of layers and may only comprise onelayer or one material type.

Optionally, the robust outer layer comprises a material selected fromthe group consisting of: fiberglass; carbon fibre; Kevlar; high densityfoam; polystyrene; polyester; epoxy; para-aramid synthetic fibrecomposite; self-reinforcing polypropylene (srPP) fabric, although othersuitable materials may also be used. Beneficially, each of thesematerials is relatively high-strength, hard wearing and durable, whilstalso being relatively light-weight.

Optionally, the resilient inner layer comprises a material selected fromthe group consisting of: foam; wadding. For example, the foam may be anexpanded polypropylene foam, or the wadding may be made of a fabric ormaterial layer. Beneficially, each of these materials is resilient andable to absorb some impact to protect the board from damage when in use.These materials will also conform to the shape of the board, in order tohold a board contained within the cover firmly in place.

According to a second aspect there is provided a cover for a sportsboard, the board being elongate and having a length and a width, thecover comprising a first and a second concave portion each having aninner surface, the first and second concave portion arranged with theinner surfaces facing each other and pivotably connected at an end, thesecond concave portion arranged to be at least partially received withinthe first concave portion so as to define a cavity having an open enddistal to the end comprising the pivot and the open end configured toreceive at least part of the board. The extent to which the secondconcave portion is received into the first concave portion is adjustablein the direction of the width of the board so as to change the size anddimensions of the cavity.

In other words, the first and second concave portion may closelengthways around the board in the manner of a clam shell. The first andsecond portion may be rotated around the pivot such that the amount bywhich the first and second portions overlap can be adjusted. In thisway, the dimensions of the cavity enclosed within the joined first andsecond portion can be modified, in particular in the axis of the widthof the board. As such, the cover may be used to accommodate boards ofdifferent widths whilst still providing a tight, snug fit for the coveraround the board. The pivot may be any fulcrum around which the firstand second concave portions can be rotated relative to each other. Forexample, the pivot may be a screw or axis, or may be a joining sectionof flexible material.

It will be understood that, although the cover is described herein withreference to a sports board, a cover or case could be provided in asimilar manner for other goods or item. This will require an appropriatechoice for the shape and sizes of the concave portions. For instance,the case or cover could be for cycling equipment, or other sportsequipment or hobby equipment.

Preferably, the cover further comprises a third and a fourth concaveportion each having an inner surface, the third and the fourth concaveportion arranged with the inner surfaces facing each other and pivotablyconnected at an end, the fourth concave portion arranged to be at leastpartially received within the third concave portion so as to define acavity having an open end distal to the end comprising the pivot, theopen end configured to receive at least part of the board. The extent towhich the fourth concave portion is received into the third concaveportion is adjustable in the direction of the width of the board so asto change the size and dimensions of the cavity. The open end of thecavity defined by the first and second concave portion is configured toat least partially receive the open end of the cavity defined by thethird and fourth concave portion so as to define a volume for receivingat least part of the board. The extent to which the cavity defined bythe first and second concave portions is configured to receive the thirdand fourth concave portions is adjustable in the direction of the lengthof the board so as to change the size and dimensions of the volume.

In a particular example, the first, second, third and fourth concaveportion may each enclose a different region of the board. The first andthe second concave sections may together form a first part of theenclosure, and the third and fourth concave portions may together form asecond part of the enclosure. Each part of the enclosure may be closedaround the board (in the manner of a clam shell or in a scissor action),and then the two enclosure parts may be pushed together so as to overlapand enclose a volume suitable for containing the board.

Advantageously, the cover further comprises at least one fastener tosecure the position of at least one concave portion relative to anotherconcave portion. In other words, the fasteners may be useful to hold thefirst concave portion in a position relative to the second concaveportion, or the third concave portion in a position relative to thefirst concave portion, or another combination. Ideally, the fastener isadjustable such that it can be modified to hold the concave portions atdifferent relative positions compared to each other (for instance,ideally the fastener can be adjusted to change the amount by which theconcave portions overlap). In any case, the fasteners hold the concaveportions firmly into position.

Optionally, the fastener is selected from the group consisting of: aself-locking mechanism, a tie strap, a Velcro strap, a strap and buckle,Velcro, a zip, a tension clasp, a ratchet clasp. Ideally, the fastenerfirmly holds the concave portions into position, but can also bereleased relatively easily under correct mechanical manipulation by theuser (or by release of a lock using an appropriate tool). Preferably,the fastener is adjustable such that the distance between the anchor ofthe fastener at one of the concave portions can be moved further apartfrom the anchor of the fastener at another of the concave portions. Thisallows the cover to be easily assembled to enclose the board ordisassembled to remove the board form the cover.

Preferably, the first, second, third and fourth concave portions have ahollow U-shaped cross-section. In one example, the concave portions havea U-shaped cross-section in an axis across the width of the board, aswell as in the axis along the length of the board. In other words theconcave portions have a curved inner surface to define a cavity intowhich the board is received, such that the concave portion folds aroundboth sides of the board. Beneficially, this encases the board tightly,and so provides better protection.

Optionally, the cavity defined by the first and second concave portionand/or the cavity defined by the third and fourth concave portion isclosed at the pivot end. The first part of the enclosure (formed by thefirst and second concave portions) and the second part of the enclosure(formed by the third and fourth concave portions) join to define acavity configured to receive at least part of the board. In a preferredembodiment, the cavity will receive approximately half the board,although the cavity could be configured to receive a smaller or largerproportion of the board. The cavity has an opening defined by an openedge. In other words, the opening to the cavity is defined by a lip oredge of the first part of the enclosure, and the board is receivedthrough the opening into the cavity. The cavity is preferably a closedcavity such that the end of the enclosure opposite the open end isclosed. This provides improved protection for the board. Nonetheless, insome embodiments an opening or hole may be provided in the concaveportions in a region away from the open end. For example, the concaveportions may incorporate a vent region.

Advantageously, the first and second concave portions and/or the thirdand the fourth concave portions cooperate with each other to provide aninterference fit. Each surface near the open edge (or edge region) of aconcave portion (which overlaps with an adjoining edge region of anotherconcave portion) may be configured to cooperate with the adjoiningregion of the other concave portion to provide an interference fit. Forexample, this could be provided by ridges and valleys on thecorresponding faces of the concave portions. In some examples, theconcave portions may have an interconnecting lip and sill designed tointerlock with one another.

The inner surface of the first and second concave portion may at leastpartially comprise teeth and the outer surface of the third and fourthconcave portion may at least partially comprise teeth, wherein the teethat the inner and outer surfaces interlock. For example, the opposingsurfaces at different concave portions may include steps and valleyswhich cooperate to act as a connection or fastening mechanism betweenthe two enclosure parts. The steps may be designed to provide aratcheting mechanism so that the surfaces can be moved with respect toeach other more easily in a first direction than in a second, oppositedirection. A mechanism may be provided to separate the surfacescomprising teeth, in order that the concave portions can be moved apartand the cover opened. Beneficially, use of interlocking teeth securesthe position of the concave portions so as to be firmly fastened inplace around the board.

Advantageously, the concave portions comprise a plurality of layers.Preferably, the plurality of layers comprises at least a robust outerlayer and a resilient inner layer. In some examples, the concaveportions may comprise two, three, four or more layers. In general, theoutermost layers will be robust and provide a high-strength barrier. Forexample, the outer layer may be a rigid, semi-rigid or flexible shelland/or may be comprised of a reinforced composite. In one example, thelayers may comprise one or more layer of srPP material. The outer layermay provide a robust protective layer, but may also have other functionssuch as an attractive appearance or waterproofing or sealing of thecover. The inner layers are provided to cushion the board and to betterhold the board into position when in transit (such that the board doesnot move or slide within the bag). The inner layers may be deformable tobetter conform to the shape of the board. Advantageously, both the innerand outer layers are kept as thin and lightweight as possible (whilststill performing their intended function), in order not to addunnecessary bulk to the bag. Accordingly, the cover is easier and lesscumbersome to transport. However, the concave portions do notnecessarily comprise a plurality of layers and in some examples may onlycomprise one layer or one material type.

Optionally, the robust outer layer comprises a material selected fromthe group consisting of: fiberglass; carbon fibre; Kevlar; high densityfoam; polystyrene; polyester; epoxy; para-aramid synthetic fibrecomposite; self-reinforcing polypropylene (srPP) fabric, although othersuitable materials may also be used. Beneficially, each of thesematerials is relatively high-strength, hard wearing and durable. Anexample of a self-reinforcing polypropylene (srPP) fabric is Armordon™.

Optionally, the resilient inner layer comprises a material selected fromthe group consisting of: foam; wadding. For example, the foam may be anexpanded polypropylene foam (ePP), or the wadding maybe made of a fabricor material layer. Beneficially, each of these materials is resilient,and so able to absorb some impact to protect the board from damage whenin use. These materials will also conform to the shape of the board, inorder to hold the board more firmly in place within the cover.

Preferably, the cover is for a sports board. The cover may beparticularly useful as a cover or bag for any type of board used withina sporting activity. Optionally, the cover is for a surfboard, akiteboard, a paddle board, a windsurfing board or a snowboard.Alternatively, the cover may be for other types of sports or hobbyequipment, such as cycling equipment (including bicycles or parts ofbicycles) or photography equipment. In a further alternative the covermay be for one or more Hydo foils, surf fins, carbon surf fins, guns,fishing equipment, paddle covers (SUP, Kayak etc.), binoculars,telescopes, video cameras, laptops, external hard drive cases orbatteries. For example for batteries, there may be particularadvantages, for instance to maintain a stable temperature, and to avoiddamage.

In a third aspect, there is provided a cover for a sports board or othertypes of hobby equipment, the board being elongate and having a lengthand a width, the cover comprising an enclosure defining a cavity, thecavity arranged to receive the sports board through a closable opening,wherein the enclosure is configured to be adjustable in the direction ofthe width of the sports board and in the direction of the length of thesports board.

The enclosure surrounds a sports board placed within the cavity definedby the enclosure. In this way, the cover provides a protective layer orshell surrounding the sports board. The enclosure may provide a softshell, for example being made from a hardwearing but flexible material.The soft shell may be bendable so as to be able to conform to the shapeof a board within the enclosure; however the soft shell may also besufficiently stiff to retain some shape when the board is removed.Alternatively, the enclosure may comprise four rigid portions eachhaving a u-shaped cross-section and configured to enclose approximatelyhalf the board. The four rigid portions may be joined by connectivepanels of a more flexible material (for example, aligned lengthways andwidthways on the cover) in order to form an enclosure which encases theboard. In other words, the enclosure may be a mixture of more solid andmore flexible material portions.

The closable opening is a mouth or other opening into the cavity definedby the enclosure. The sports board may be passed through the opening inorder to insert the sports board into the enclosure. The opening may beclosed by a use of a fastener such as Velcro, a zip fastener, or adrawstring (although other suitable fasteners could also be used). Theclosable fastener secures the sports board within the cavity of theenclosure.

The dimensions of the cover are adjustable by the user, such that thecavity defined by the enclosure can be provided having different lengthsor widths. This allows the user of the cover to adjust the enclosure toa length and width appropriate for a specific board. The ability toadjust the cover in two dimensions increases the utility and convenienceof the cover. In particular, it allows the cover to be adapted to encaseor enclose many different sizes, shapes and types of sports board whilststill providing a snug or close fit to prevent damage to the board whenthe cover is in use. The described adjustable board cover providesexcellent protection without needing to be custom made for a boardhaving specific dimension.

Preferably, the enclosure further comprises a first expandable panelarranged in a longitudinal direction of the sports board to allowexpansion of the cavity defined by the enclosure in the direction of thewidth of the sports board; and a second expandable panel arranged in thedirection perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the sportsboard to allow expansion of the cavity defined by the enclosure in thedirection of the length of the sports board. In other words, theexpandable panels are arranged in perpendicular directions to eachother. In one example, the expandable panels form a cross on one face ofthe enclosure. However, the expandable panels do not necessarily need tobe arranged perpendicular to each other. Provision of expandable panelsarranged to extend in two different directions allows both the width andlength of the enclosure to be adjusted to fit the dimensions of aspecific sports board. By altering or adapting the adjustable panels intwo directions a particularly close or snug fit of the cover to theboard can be achieved, thereby reducing the likelihood of damage to theboard when in transit.

Preferably, the first and/or the second expandable panel comprises aportion arranged to form at least one pleat to expand or to fold so asto adjust the dimensions of the cavity defined by the enclosure. Forexample, the portion may be a corrugated portion. The portion isarranged to form at least one pleat which can be gathered or folded toretract or compress the expandable panel. When the expandable panel isin a retracted or reduced configuration, the distance between one edgeof the expandable panel in the longitudinal direction and the oppositeedge is decreased compared to the distance between these edges when theexpandable panel is expanded and the pleats are unfolded or spread out.For example, when the expandable panel is retracted the pleats may foldand “stack” to reduce the distance between one edge of the expandablepanel to the opposite edge.

The pleats may be placed in a pre-determined position by provision of acrease or fold in the structure of the material. This will cause thefold always to occur in the same position in the expandable panel, andso may provide a more effective retraction of the one or more pleats.Alternatively, the material may form one or more folds or pleats in anynatural position when the two sides of the expandable panel are gatheredtogether. In some examples, the pleats may fold to form a concertina ofthe material within the expandable panel. However in a preferableexample, the excess material in the expandable panel may fold to providea seam or dart of material to give a region in which three layers of thematerial are stacked (in other words, the fold forms a zig-zag which isfolded back upon itself).

Optionally, the cover further comprises a width fastener arranged tomaintain the portion in the first expandable panel to be at leastpartially folded so as to conform the enclosure to the width of thesports board. Optionally, the cover further comprises a length fastenerarranged to maintain the portion in the second expandable panel to be atleast partially folded so as to conform the enclosure to the length ofthe sports board.

At least one fold, gather or wrinkle is formed in the respective firstor second expandable panel when the length or width fastener is fasteneror secured. More than one fold may be formed resulting in a concertinaof material in the expandable panel. In some examples, preformed foldswill be present in the expandable panel in a specific position. This mayincrease the uniformity of the folds. In other examples securing thefastener will cause the expandable panel to be gathered or drawntogether to form folds freely without a pre-determined position for thefolds. In some circumstances, pre-determined folds will result in aconcertina being formed in the expandable panel. The fastener may be azip, Velcro or a buckle and strap, for example. However, other suitablefasteners could be used.

Preferably, the portion of the first and/or second expandable panel isarranged to form at least two or more pleats. The portion may bearranged to form at least two folds when the expandable panel isgathered or retracted (in other words, the portion may be corrugated, orin the form of a concertina). The expandable panel can also be expandedsuch that the folds in the portion are smoothed out or drawn out. Byexpanding the portion, two opposing edges of the expandable panel aremoved apart so that the distance from one side of the expandable panelto the other is increased. Alternatively, by compressing, retracting orgathering the folds in the corrugations to form two or more pleats, thetwo sides of the expandable panel are moved together and the distancefrom one edge of the expandable panel to the other is decreased. In thisway, the overall length and/or width of the enclosure can be modified,thereby changing the size of the cavity into which the sports board canbe inserted.

Preferably, the width fastener and/or the length fastener comprises afirst coupling, a second coupling and a third coupling, wherein thefirst coupling couples with the second coupling to fold a first pleat ofthe corrugated portion, and the first coupling couples with the thirdcoupling to fold a second pleat of the corrugated portion. The first,second and third coupling are spaced at intervals to each other withinthe expandable panel. The first, second and third coupling extend in thedirection of the expandable panel (in other words in the lengthways orwidthways direction on the enclosure). The first, second and thirdcoupling may be approximately parallel to each other. By connecting thefirst and second coupling, the portion of the expandable panel betweenthe first and second coupling is folded into a pleat. Accordingly, theoverall width of the enclosure is reduced by the distance between thefirst and second coupling. When the first and third coupling is coupled,the portion of the expandable panel between the first and third couplingis folded to form a pleat. The overall width of the enclosure is reducedby the distance between the first and third coupling. The portion of theexpandable panel between the first and third coupling may also comprisethe second coupling (in other words, the second coupling may be foldedinto the pleat). By coupling the different parts of the fastener, theexpandable panel is maintained or secured in a particular arrangementproviding a specific dimension for the expandable panel and consequentlythe cavity defined by the enclosure. By selecting whether the firstcoupling is coupled to the second or third coupling, the user can selecta specific size for the expandable panel (and so the cavity defined bythe enclosure) in order to provide the best fit for a particular sportsboard.

The first coupling may be a first set of interlocking teeth of a zipper,and the second and third coupling may each be reciprocal interlockingteeth of the zipper. Therefore, the first and second or first and thirdcoupling may be interlocked together to provide a zip fastener.Alternatively, the fastener may comprise a Velcro strip, in which thefirst coupling comprises the “hooks” of the Velcro and the second andthird coupling comprises the “loops”.

Optionally, the enclosure comprises a first shell portion and a secondshell portion having inner surfaces, the inner surface of the firstshell portion arranged facing the inner surface of the second shellportion, and the second shell portion received within the first shellportion to define the cavity to receive the sports board; and at leastone of the first or the second expandable panel comprising a closurehaving a first coupling at the first shell portion and a second andthird coupling at the second shell portion, wherein the first couplingcouples with the second coupling such that the second shell portion isreceived by the first shell portion to overlap by a first amount, andthe first coupling couples with the third coupling such that the secondshell portion is received by the first shell portion to overlap by asecond amount, the first amount being more than the second amount. Forexample, the enclosure may be formed of two shell portions, each ofwhich may be configured to receive around half the sports board. The twoshell portions may be fitted together, to enclose the sports boardwithin the enclosure. The two shell portions may be fitted together sothat the open edge of the first shell portion is fitted inside the openedge region of the second shell portion, so that the open edges overlap.By moving the two shell portions with respect to each other (to increaseor decrease the region of overlap or expandable panel), the dimensionsof the enclosure can be adjusted. The fastener may comprise a first andsecond coupling member connected to the first and second shell portionrespectively, so as to maintain or hold the first and second shellportions in position relative to each other. In a directionperpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the overlapping edges afurther expandable panel can be provided, for instance comprising aportion of folded material as described in above examples.

Preferably, the fastener is selected from the group consisting of: aself-locking mechanism, a tie strap, a Velcro strap, a strap and buckle,Velcro, a zip, a tension clasp, a ratchet clasp. These types of fastenercan securely fasten or connect portions of the enclosure, but are alsoseparable and so can allow the position of the fastener to be adjusted.Use of a strap and buckle or ratchet clasp may be particularlyadvantageous, as these may allow the expandable panel to be continuouslyadjusted (rather than at intervals). Therefore, the adjustment of thedimensions of the bag may be more flexible.

Preferably, the enclosure comprises a plurality of layers. Preferably,the plurality of layers comprises at least a robust outer layer and aresilient inner layer. In some examples, the enclosure structure maycomprise two, three, four or more layers. In general, the outermostlayers will be robust and provide a high-strength barrier. For example,the outer layer may be a semi-rigid or semi-flexible shell and/or may becomprised of a reinforced composite. In one example, the layers maycomprise one or more layer of srPP material. The outer layer may providea robust protective layer, but may also have other functions such as anattractive appearance or waterproofing or sealing of the cover. Thewaterproof layer may be bendable, but also maintains a predeterminedshape even when the board is not within the cover.

The inner layers are provided to cushion the board and to better holdthe board into position when in transit (such that the board does notmove or slide within the bag). The inner layers may be deformable tobetter conform to the shape of the board. Advantageously, both the innerand outer layers are kept as thin and lightweight as possible (whilststill performing their intended function), in order not to addunnecessary bulk to the bag. Accordingly, the cover is easier to handleand less cumbersome to transport. However, the enclosure does notnecessarily comprise a plurality of layers and in some examples may onlycomprise one layer or one material type.

Preferably, the robust outer layer comprises a material selected fromthe group consisting of: fiberglass; carbon fibre; Kevlar; high densityfoam; polystyrene; polyester; epoxy; para-aramid synthetic fibrecomposite; self-reinforcing polypropylene (srPP) fabric although othersuitable materials may also be used. Beneficially, each of thesematerials is relatively high-strength, hard wearing and durable. Anexample of a self-reinforcing polypropylene (srPP) fabric is Armordon™.

Optionally, the resilient inner layer comprises a material selected fromthe group consisting of: foam; wadding. For example, the foam may be anexpanded polypropylene foam (ePP), or the wadding maybe made of a fabricor material layer. Beneficially, each of these materials is resilient,and so able to absorb some impact to protect the board from damage whenin use. These materials will also conform to the shape of the board, inorder to hold the board more firmly in place within the cover.

The cover may be for a sports board. The cover may be particularlyuseful as a cover or bag for any type of board used within a sportingactivity. Optionally, the cover is for a surfboard, a kiteboard, apaddle board, a windsurfing board or a snowboard. Alternatively, thecover may be for other types of sports equipment, including cyclingequipment.

Preferably, the cover is for protecting any type of hobby equipment,more preferably for sports equipment. In particular, the cover may bebeneficially for use with sports equipment that is easily damaged, suchas sports boards (surfboards, paddle boards, windsurfer boards,snowboards). In other examples, the cover may be for hobby equipmentsuch as photography equipment or musical instruments. The cover may befor one or more Hydo foils, surf fins, carbon surf fins, guns, fishingequipment, paddle covers (SUP, Kayak etc), binoculars, telescopes, videocameras, laptops, external hard drive cases or batteries. For examplefor batteries, there may be particular advantages, for example tomaintain a stable temperature, and to avoid damage.

The covers may also comprise a number of additional features. Forexample, the bags may be vented, to allow a flow of air into theinternal compartment within the cover. Handles, wheels or carry strapsmay be added to the covers, in order to facilitate moving and carryingof the cover and contents. The sleeves or bags may be sealed with a pushfit closure, or a zip or Velcro fastener.

In a particular example, there is described a case for an item formedusing a combination of at least two polypropylene derivative materials(for example, self-reinforcing polypropylene, srPP, and expandedpolypropylene foam, ePP).

The case may be a box, bag or cover, and may be especially configuredfor packaging or carrying particular items or products. The case may beshaped or contoured to provide a close or ‘snug’ fit for the productwithin. In particular, the case may be for packaging sports or otherspecial interest hobby equipment. For example, it is generally expectedthat items such as a sports board, skis, bicycles, skateboards or cameraequipment will be transported within specialist cases that are shapedand contoured to fit the particular item. Such cases may also provideparticular protective features for specific portions of the item thatare more prone to damage (such as the nose of a surfboard, or the lensof a camera).

In particular, the case comprises an outer layer of self-reinforcingpolypropylene (srPP) fabric together with an inner portion comprising anexpanded polypropylene (ePP) foam. SrPP is a material which, whenthermoformed, compressed and layered, exhibits a range of beneficialproperties—particularly high impact strength and very low density. Theouter layer may surround or enclose the inner portion, and the innerportion may enclose a volume to provide a cavity into which an item canbe placed or contained.

The outer layer comprises a compressed, layered and/or self-reinforcingpolypropylene fabric. The outer layer may comprise two or more layers ofthe given polypropylene material, or may comprise a composite of two ormore layers of different types of polypropylene materials. In oneexample, one or more layers of the outer layer comprise srPP material.

In general, the outer layers should be more robust and provide ahigher-strength barrier than the inner portion. The outer layer may be arigid, semi-rigid or flexible shell. An important purpose of the outerlayer or layers is to prevent penetration from outside the case into theinner portion and cavity therein (which could thereby puncture, break orotherwise damage the item held in the case). This function is especiallyimportant as the inner portion may not otherwise be resistant to cuts orsimilar penetrative damage. Compared to other materials, relatively thinlayers of srPP are required to provide strong protection to thepackaging article to shield the inner portion (and consequently theenclosed item) from rips or cuts.

The outer layer may also provide an attractive appearance. This isbeneficial not least because the inner portion, when formed of expandedfoam, is often moulded and may have unsightly moulding marks which maynot be attractive to the consumer. The outer layer may also cause thecase to be weatherproof or waterproof.

The inner protective portion (or foam core) may be formed from expandedpolypropylene foam (ePP). ePP is a closed cell foam made from fusedbeads of low density polypropylene, and provides outstanding energyabsorption, thermal insulation and a very high strength-to-weight ratio.The inner portion of ePP, provides energy absorption and can withstandmultiple impacts without damage. The elasticity and resilient propertiesof the ePP means that the inner portion can return to its original shapewithout compression shape damage in the event that a force is applied.Therefore, compared to packaging articles making use of srPP alone ormaking use of srPP in conjunction with foams such as ethylene-vinylacetate (EVA) or expanded polyethylene (EPE), the combination of thesrPP outer cover with the ePP inner portion should not allow thetransfer of force causing damage or shock to the item within.

In contrast to the outer layer, the inner portion may primarily beprovided to cushion the item in the case and to better hold it inposition. The inner portion may be resilient but also deformable tobetter conform to the shape of the item within the case. As a result,the inner layers help to both reduce damage from impact to the item (forexample, if the item and case were dropped in transit), but also toprevent the item slipping and moving within the cover.

Advantageously, both the inner portion and outer layer are kept as thinand lightweight as possible (whilst still performing their intendedfunction), in order to avoid adding unnecessary bulk or weight to thebag. Accordingly, the cover is easier and less cumbersome to transport.

The particular combination of a srPP outer layer and an ePP innerportion can provide a number of benefits. The srPP material for theouter layer is particularly robust and can protect against damage suchas tears in the packaging article. However, such an outer layer maystill be slightly flexible. The ePP material for the inner portion maybe more rigid (although still with some resilience or elasticity). Thisallows the material to absorb shocks, but also to be contoured andshaped to best fit a particular item. Overall, the packaging articleformed from the combination of the described materials may give animproved outcome against transport, carriage, and storage risks. Theparticular combination described may also give improved end of liferecyclability of the case.

Beneficially, the ePP of the inner portion can be shaped so that theouter contours of the case (once the outer layer is applied) have aparticular shape, different from the shape of the item the casecontains. This may be advantageous to provide a case having an outershape suitable for stacking during transportation or for otherwise morespace efficient transportation.

For manufacture of the case, the combination of ePP and srPP materialsmay be loosely coupled and sewn, glued, stapled, or riveted together. Inother words, the outer layer and the inner portion can be bondedtogether using fasteners that penetrate through the layers to bind themtogether. The cases can be made using additional layers such aspolypropylene webbing or similar materials, and/or an optional innerfinishing or lining fabric if required.

Sewing, stitching, riveting or stapling may be particularly advantageousto combine or bond the inner ePP and outer srPP layers. Beneficially,the reinforcing fibres of srPP are not interwoven in the same way assome other types of reinforced materials, so srPP can be stitched,riveted or stapled through without the thread, rivet or staple pullingthrough or causing damage to the reinforcing fibres. Furthermore, a casecan be formed that is semi-rigid and having complex bag shapes. Forexample, curved walls or walls having negative angles or contours arepossible using a manufacturing method comprising stitching, sewing,stapling or riveting the ePP and srPP layers. Furthermore, very thinsheets of ePP can be used within this method of manufacture. In oneexample, an ePP sheet of around 5 mm can be used. This would be muchmore difficult if using alternative techniques for manufacture (such asmolding).

In another example, the case may be manufactured by thermoforming in amould the srPP outer layer and the ePP inner portion. The outer layerand the inner portion may be moulded separately, and then connected viaa compression fitting or with an adhesive layer. This may result in arigid or semi-rigid shape for the packaging article. Alternatively, theouter layer and inner portion may be formed in a mould together. In thiscase, the two materials may intermingle under pressure and heat to forma co-joining melt layer therebetween, resulting in combination materialsheets.

The case may be formed to contain particular items, or designed forspecific purposes. For instance, the case may be formed to carry sportsequipment (including a bicycle, skis, paddles, or types of sports boardsuch as snowboards, skateboards, surfboards, windsurfer boards or paddleboards, etc.). The case may also be configured to carry other delicatespecialist equipment, such as photography equipment or musicalinstruments. The case may be used to house cycling equipment, such as abicycle or parts of a bicycle. The case can be designed and shaped toprovide protective packing to almost any product or item.

Overall, the use of a combination of an srPP outer layer and an ePPinner portion provides a case with a number of significant advantages.These advantages include:

-   -   1) The combination of materials is lightweight. Transportation        of goods is generally determined by the weight of the article,        with heavier items being more expensive to transport. Therefore,        decreasing the weight of the packaging reduces the cost for        transportation of an article overall. This can be particularly        beneficial when the described combinations are used for travel        bags for specialist equipment such as bicycles, surfboards,        photography equipment, or musical instruments.    -   2) The combination of material provides improved prevention from        impact damage. EPP has a very high strength-to-weight ratio,        which provides load bearing structural support in a range of        applications. EPP is capable of handling significant loads with        little loss in form or shape, and is an excellent energy        absorbing material that withstands multiple impacts without        damage. These properties are offered whilst still being        lightweight. When ePP is combined with the highly durable and        penetration resistant material srPP outer layer or skin (which        is also very low density and durable), the combination gives        good characteristics to prevent high impact damage per density        unit of combined materials.    -   3) The combination of materials gives adequate rigidity for the        user, whilst also providing improved overall material        performance. srPP by itself can lack rigidity. Therefore, where        srPP has been used in protective packaging alone (such as for        srPP only suitcases or mono skin bicycle boxes), the packaging        articles have been found to lack rigidity. Rigidity can be        important for ease of customer use (i.e. to allow the item to be        more easily placed within the packaging), but also during        transportation, where items within the case may need to be        stacked or layered for efficient use of transport volume.    -   4) The combination of materials offers improved heat insulation        and/or heat retention. For example, the packaged item may be        kept at a more stable temperature, as the item will be insulated        from hotter or colder temperatures in the outside environment.        This may be especially important when transporting particular        items. For instance, when transporting a surfboard, users        require the wax on the board not to melt. In another example,        musical instruments may go out of tune if subjected to high        variations in temperature. Therefore, the presently described        case may prevent extremes in temperature for the packaged items,        even if the ambient, outside temperature fluctuates. The        combination of materials discussed may also be advantageous to        keep the packaged item hot or cold. In one example, the case may        be for food delivery (such as a case for enclosing pizza boxes        for a takeaway delivery). In this case, the described        combination of materials has particular properties for good        insulation of the food.        As well as providing these advantages, the combination of ePP        and srPP within the case provides a material combination that is        recyclable at the end of life. Furthermore, the described        combination is made from the same polyolefin materials        throughout, and so would not require separation before        recycling.

As will be understood by the skilled person, a number of applicationscan be envisaged for the packaging article. For instance, specificexamples include packaging of surfboards, kiteboards, stand uppaddleboards, musical instruments, medical samples, bicycles with carbonframes, bicycle wheels, golf clubs, rifles and gun cases, photographyequipment, laptops, mobile phones and other computer equipment, ordelivery of food where appearance and temperature are key). Otherspecific examples could include packaging of windsurf boards, bicycleswith aluminium, composite or carbon frames, bicycle accessories, cricketpads and so on.

In a fourth aspect, there is provided a case for containing an item,comprising an inner portion formed of expanded polypropylene (ePP) anddefining a cavity for receiving at least part of the item, and an outerlayer, formed of self-reinforcing polypropylene (srPP), arranged tocover or enclose at least part of the inner portion.

The case is a bag, box or other packaging or transportation peripheralitem. The case may be specifically designed to contain a particularitem. In particular, the cavity may be shaped or contoured to fit aparticular item or part of the item.

The inner portion forms or defines a cavity, volume or enclosure inwhich at least part of the item can be enclosed, inserted or received.The cavity may be shaped to closely follow the outside shape or contoursof the item, to give a good fit. The inner walls of the inner portion atleast partially surround the item. The cavity may be arranged to receivethe whole item, or only a portion of the item. The item may becompletely enclosed within the inner portion, or may be substantiallyenclosed except of some vents or gaps in the inner portion. The innerportion and outer layer may act as a protective case or enclosure forthe whole item.

Alternatively, the inner portion and outer layer may only surround aparticularly delicate portion of the item, for example the nose of asurfboard, or a lens of a camera case. In this example, the innerportion of expanded polypropylene (ePP) and outer layer ofself-reinforcing polypropylene (srPP) may make up only part of the bagand can be incorporated as a panel portion into a case made up of othermaterials (or made up of a majority of either srPP or ePP).

Preferably, the outer layer is formed of srPP comprising a plurality ofthermoformed, compressed layers. The outer layer encloses or surroundsthe inner portion, so as to provide an outer ‘skin’. The outer layerforms the outermost surface of the case. In some examples, interveninglayers may be present between the inner portion and the outer layer. Inother examples, the outer layer directly covers the outer surface of theinner portion.

Optionally, the outer layer is formed of srPP comprising between 1 and 8consolidated thermoformed layers. The outer layer may be formed of srPPcomprising between 2 and 6 consolidated thermoformed layers. This allowsflexibility of the overall material, as well as weight optimisation.

Preferably, the inner portion is formed of expanded polypropylene (ePP)having a density of between 20 g and 80 g per litre. This is sufficientfor the material to reform following impact damage and not to becomecrushed or permanently misshapen. Furthermore, this is sufficient toavoid directly transferring shock impact to an item within the packagingarticle. More preferably the ePP should be between 30 and 65 grams perlitre density to exhibit optimal qualities.

Preferably, the inner portion comprises walls defining the cavity havinga thickness between 3 mm and 50 mm. The inner portion may comprise wallsdefining the cavity having a thickness between 5 mm and 25 mm thick.This avoids the ePP adding too much bulk to the carriage item, whilststill offering good protection.

Preferably, the case further comprises a lining layer, arranged on theinner surface of the inner portion, in order to line the walls of thecavity. For example, the lining layer may be a soft fabric such as felt,to prevent surface damage and further cushion the item within thecavity.

Preferably, the inner surface of the inner portion is shaped to form acavity substantially conforming to the shape of at least part of theitem. For example, the cavity may have inner walls shaped to conformwith the outer surface of a particular item. The walls of the cavity mayprovide notches or cavities for indentations or projections on the item.For example, the inner walls of the inner portion may be shaped to holdand fit around a musical instrument. In some cases, the shape of thecavity will not conform precisely to the shape of the item, but insteadmay approximately conform. In this case, it may be useful to provide aninner layer of the inner portion having sufficient resilience to cushionor compress to fit the shape of the item.

Optionally, the inner portion is formed by moulding the expandedpolypropylene (ePP) material.

The inner portion may comprise a plurality of layers of ePP. Inparticular, a first layer of the plurality of layers of ePP may have ahigher density than a second layer of the plurality of layers of ePP.The case may also include layers of other materials. For example, fabriclayers or other foam or polypropylene layers (such as layers of foamhaving different densities and resilience) could also be used. This mayallow the packaged item to be held more securely, and may providegreater cushioning for delicate items.

Preferably, at least a part of the inner portion and the outer layer arebonded together by at least one fastening mechanism selected from thegroup comprising: stitches, rivets, staples, a glue layer or an adhesivelayer, a thermal bond, or a compression fitting. Stitching, riveting orsewing may be particularly advantageous, as the properties of the srPPmean that the reinforcing fibres do not ‘pull through’ the material whenusing these methods, but such methods allow more complex shapes to beformed.

The case may further comprise a closable opening to the cavity. Forexample, the case may have a closeable mouth or opening to the innercavity similar to an entry into a pocket or pouch, or through acloseable flap. Alternatively, the case may be arranged so as to have afirst and second segment joined at a pivot (in a similar manner to thecovers of a book pivoting around the spine of a book), wherein when thefirst and second segment are bought together, the item is enclosedtherebetween. For example, the inner portion (and correspondingly theouter layer) may be formed in two segments such that the cavity for theitem is formed between a first and second segment of the inner portion.

Preferably, the closeable opening may be fastened closed using afastener. The fastener may be selected from the group consisting of: aself-locking mechanism, a tie strap, a Velcro strap, a strap and buckle,Velcro, a zip, a tension clasp, a ratchet clasp, a push fitting. Othersuitable fasteners will also be apparent to the person skilled in theart.

Optionally, the case is a hard case or a soft case, a cover, a bag or abox.

Preferably, the item is a hobby equipment.

More preferably, the hobby equipment is sports equipment, musicalinstrument or photography equipment. In particular examples, the hobbyequipment may be sports boards, cycling equipment, Hydo foils, surffins, carbon surf fins, guns, fishing equipment, paddle covers (SUP,Kayak etc), binoculars, telescopes, video cameras, laptops, externalhard drive cases or batteries.

The case may be formed of a top panel, a bottom panel and a side panel.At least one of the top, bottom and side panel may be formed of aplurality of layers comprising at least in part an inner layer of ePPand an outer layer of srPP. When the case is formed, the top and bottompanel may be arranged in parallel to each other, with the side panelsarranged therebetween and perpendicular to the top and bottom panels.

Preferably, the top and bottom panels are substantially planar, having acircumferential edge at the perimeter of the planar panels. Preferably,the side panel is a tubular portion, wherein the walls of the tubularcavity are arranged to fit the circumferential edges of the top and/orbottom panel, so that the side panel is configured between the perimeterof the top panel and the perimeter of the bottom panel.

Preferably, the top panel comprises a fastener, such as a zip, Velcro orpoppers, around the circumferential edge of the panel. Preferably, thebottom panel comprises a fastener, such as a zip or Velcro, around thecircumferential edge of the panel. Preferably, the top and bottom edgeof the side panel (which could otherwise be considered the first andsecond end of the tubular portion, the second end of the tubular portiondistal from the first end) each comprise fasteners, such as a zip,Velcro or poppers. The fasteners at the top and bottom edge of the sidewall may be arranged to couple with the fasteners at the circumferentialedge of the top and/or bottom panel. Advantageously, this allows thecase to be formed by joining the fastener at the circumferential edge ofthe top panel to the fastener at the top of the side panel, and joiningthe fastener at the circumferential edge of the bottom panel to thefastener at the bottom of the side panel. This defines an inner cavitywithin the case for containing goods.

Preferably, the side panels may be interchangeable. For example, aplurality of side panels may be provided, each having different lengthsfor the tubular portion (i.e. the dimension in the longitudinaldirection of the cavity within the tubular portion may be different foreach, interchangeable side panel). In other words, each side panel maybe arranged between the top and bottom panel, such that the differentsizes of the side panel cause the spacing between the top and bottompanel to be adjusted, once the panels are joined. Beneficially, thisprovides a highly adaptable case or cover, wherein a side panel of aspecific size can be selected by the user to provide a given dimensionfor the inner cavity within the case.

A number of optional features may be included at the case or cover, forinstance, one or more optional features selected from the groupconsisting of: soft handles for lifting the case; removable wheelsand/or attachments for removable wheels; a removable shoulder strap;lifting buckles; reinforcing sections at the panels; vents embedded intothe panels, to allow moisture to be released from within the cavity ofthe bag; straps around the bag, to secure the panels in place; loops atthe outer surface of the panels to retain said straps.

Preferably, an opening may be arranged at one end of the bag, to allowan easier access to the inner cavity without releasing the fastenersthat couple the top, bottom and side panels.

Preferably, dividers may be provided within the case, cover or bag.Optionally, additional padding may be arranged at certain areas of thecase, cover or bag to protect particular portions of an item therein.

In a fifth aspect, there is provided a method for manufacturing a casefor containing an item, comprising forming an inner portion of expandedpolypropylene (ePP), defining a cavity for receiving at least a portionof the item, and forming an outer layer of self-reinforcingpolypropylene (srPP), arranged to cover or enclose at least part of anouter surface of the inner portion.

Preferably, the method also includes bonding together at least a part ofthe inner portion and the outer layer. This creates a laminatedstructure for the walls of the case.

The step of bonding may comprise at least one of: stitching, riveting,sewing, stapling, thermally bonding, applying an adhesive layer,applying a glue layer, or arranging a compression fitting.

Preferably, forming the outer layer comprises forming the outer layerfrom a plurality of thermoformed, compressed layers.

Optionally, forming the outer layer comprises forming the outer layerfrom between 1 and 8 consolidated thermoformed layers. Forming the outerlayer may comprise forming the outer layer from between 2 and 6consolidated thermoformed layers.

Optionally, forming the inner portion comprises forming the innerportion from expanded polypropylene (ePP) having a density of between 20g and 80 g per litre. Forming the inner portion may comprise forming theinner portion from expanded polypropylene (ePP) having a density ofbetween 30 g and 65 g per litre.

Preferably, forming the inner portion comprises forming walls definingthe cavity having a thickness between 3 mm and 50 mm. Forming the innerportion may comprise forming walls defining the cavity having athickness between 5 mm and 25 mm thick.

Preferably, forming the inner portion further comprises forming a lininglayer, arranged on the inner surface of the inner portion, in order toline the walls of the cavity.

Preferably, forming the inner portion further comprises shaping theinner portion to form a cavity substantially conforming to the shape ofat least part of the item.

Preferably, shaping the inner portion comprises forming the innerportion in a mould.

Preferably, the inner portion comprises a plurality of layers of ePP orother foam.

Optionally, a first layer of the plurality of layers of ePP or otherfoam has a higher density than a second layer of the plurality of layersof ePP or other foam.

Preferably, the method of manufacture further comprises forming aclosable opening to the cavity. A fastener may be provided to fasten theclosable opening.

Optionally, the fastener is selected from the group consisting of: aself-locking mechanism, a tie strap, a Velcro strap, a strap and buckle,Velcro, a zip, a tension clasp, a ratchet clasp, a push fitting.

Preferably, the case is a hard case or a soft case, a cover, a bag or abox.

Preferably, the item is a hobby equipment.

Optionally, the hobby equipment is sports equipment, a musicalinstrument or photography equipment. In particular examples, the hobbyequipment may be sports boards, cycling equipment, Hydo foils, surffins, carbon surf fins, guns, fishing equipment, paddle covers (SUP,Kayak etc), binoculars, telescopes, video cameras, laptops, externalhard drive cases or batteries.

Any of the concave portions, shell portions or enclosures describedabove in relation to the adjustable bags can be formed according to thecombination of materials using ePP and srPP, as described above.

In a sixth aspect there is described use of self-reinforcingpolypropylene (srPP) fabric within a cover for an item, in particularsports equipment or other type of hobby equipment. An example of srPP isArmordon™. Advantageously, srPP is high-strength, robust and durable butis also relatively lightweight. Relatively thin layers of srPP may beused within the cover whilst still providing a strong shield frompenetration or rips to the case (which could result in damage to an itemcarried inside). Furthermore, the material can be shaped as desired,providing a bendable material panel or a robust rigid or semi-rigidshell.

The srPP material may be particularly advantageous for use in a case orcover (in particular a board cover) due to its high-strength (whichprovides very durable protection) and flexibility (which permits simplemanufacture, for example using known techniques for manufacture offabric covers). In addition, the reinforcing fibres of srPP are notinterwoven in the same way as some other types of reinforced materials,so srPP material can be stitched without the “pulling through” of thereinforcing fibres. The use of srPP also permits the case or cover to belightweight and convenient.

The case may be used to provide a cover for any item, including sportsequipment and hobby equipment. In particular, the srPP is particularlysuitable for a cover for any items which are regularly moved andtransported, including sports equipment such as sports boards and skis,as well as musical instruments, guns or photography equipment. The covermay be for cycling equipment, such as bicycles or parts of a bicycle.

Preferably, the sports equipment is a sports board. In view of the needto transport boards used in sports, use of a material such as srPP isparticularly beneficial in a cover for a sports board. Furthermore, suchboards are often carried on modes of transport (such as an air craft)where the weight of the cover and board is preferably minimised (toavoid additional carrier costs, for example). As such, use of srPP isparticularly advantageous as this material is both high-strength andlightweight.

In particular examples, the cover for the sports equipment is a coverfor a surfboard, a kiteboard, a paddleboard, a windsurfing board or asnowboard. However, the material would be useful for a cover for anysort of board, especially those used within a sport.

The srPP material can be used within a bag or cover (in one example, fora sports board) either in the form of panels, walls or as a separatesleeve. In one example, the panels may be stitched into the walls of anexisting bag or cover (i.e. retro-fitted). In an alternative example thesrPP panels could be included within a layered wall structure of a coverduring manufacture. In another example, the srPP may form one or morewalls of the cover.

In a still further example, the srPP may be used to form a separate,independent sleeve for the hobby equipment, or for sports equipment suchas a sports board. Such a sleeve can then be used in conjunction with anexisting bag, box or cover (which may or may not include the srPPmaterial). The sleeve may also be used as a cover for day-to-day use,whilst only being used in conjunction with another bag or cover oncertain occasions (during long distance transportation, for example).The sleeve may include an opening secured by a fastener (such as a zipor a Velcro strip) through which the item can be inserted into thesleeve.

In a still further example, moulded ePP portion could be formed defininga cavity for containing an item (such as a bicycle or other item ofsports equipment or hobby equipment). The semi-rigidity of the ePPmaterial at higher densities provides good protection of the itemtherein. The ePP moulded portion has areas on the inner or outersurfaces having an indented area for a panel of material to snap into.For instance the material may be held by a compression fitting. Thepanels may be srPP to provide lightweight, improved protection.

In a seventh aspect there is described a cover for a sports board orother type of hobby equipment (such as bicycles or cycling equipment)comprising self-reinforcing polypropylene (srPP) fabric panels. In otherwords, panels of srPP (for example, panels of Armordon™) can be fittedto the sides or faces of the cover, or the walls of the cover can becomprised of one or more srPP panels.

In one example, the panels are placed as one of a plurality of layersforming the cover. In another example, the srPP panels form theoutermost layer of the cover. In some cases, the panels are appliedduring the original manufacture of the cover. In other cases, the panelsmay be retro-fitted to an existing cover such that panels of the srPPare sewn into the walls of the pre-existing cover. The panels may beconnected such that the whole cover is formed from the srPP, or onlycertain walls or portions of the cover may comprise srPP.Advantageously, the srPP provides a particularly robust and stronglayer, which helps to protect the item from damage.

The panels may be fitted within a cover, case or bag made of a materialother than srPP, so that srPP panels protect only the most fragile orvulnerable portions of the item within the case. The panels could beformed to conform to the shape of the particularly fragile portion ofthe item. In a particularly beneficial example, the majority of the caseor cover may be formed of ePP, with additional srPP panels arranged inselected regions of the case. For example, the srPP regions may bestitched into selected portions of the bag. In the example of a case orcover for one or more sports board, srPP panels may be arranged at thenose and tail portions of a mainly ePP case or cover.

In a beneficial example, there is described a sleeve for a sports boardor other hobby equipment, the sleeve comprising srPP. Preferably, thesleeve may comprise srPP and expanded polypropylene (ePP). The sleevemay be used to provide a further protective layer for a board or otheritem, independently of existing bag. Furthermore, the sleeve may be usedto ensure a tighter fit of a board or other item within an existing bag,already owned by a user. In relation to a sports board, the sleeve maybe inserted into a ready-made board bag, or may be used as a day-to-dayboard bag. For example, the sleeve may be used as a day-to-day cover ingeneral use, but then used in conjunction with a separate, pre-existingcover for situations when the board our other item is more likely tosustain damage (for example, during air travel).

The sleeve may comprise an inner layer of srPP, surrounded by a layer ofePP and further surrounded by an outer layer of srPP. Many combinationsof layers using srPP and other materials will be apparent to the personskilled in the art.

The sleeve may be self-contained. For example, the sleeve may define aclosed sleeve to encase or substantially encase the board. The sleevemay be provided with one or more openings to allow insertion of theboard within the sleeve. Furthermore, the sleeve may comprise one ormore fasteners to secure or close an opening in the sleeve. The fastenermay comprise any type of fastener, including but not limited to zips,Velcro, a drawstring, or riveting.

The layers of srPP and ePP forming the sleeve may either be loosecoupled or joined together by moulding, gluing, stapling or stitchingmethods.

In a particular example, the sleeve may be used for cycling equipment,including a bicycle or parts of a bicycle.

In another example, panels comprised of a plurality of layers includingePP and srPP could be formed. Such panels could be used within anexisting bag or case, so as to be inserted within an existing bag orcase to provide additional protection to certain areas of an item withinthis case. In this way, the panels can provide packing materials withinthe cavity of a case or cover, with superior properties to other packingmaterials.

In a particular example, the plurality of layers within such panelscould comprise a woven polyethylene or polyethene sheeting (such asTarpee), woven reinforced fabric (such as ripstop, for instance fromnylon) or polyester sheeting or fabric. The plurality of layers withinthe panels could be stitched together. The panels could be shaped so asto fit optimally around areas of a particular item.

In the particular example of a sports board bag, the panels could beconfigured to be placed around the nose, tail and points of the rails ofa board within an existing bag, as these are the particularly vulnerableareas that get damaged regularly. Often, users currently place towels orwetsuits for the same purpose within an existing bag, but this can beheavy and so increase the chances of the bag being dropped. Furthermore,this practice can unbalance the bag, causing the bag to fall or drop acertain way such that the heavier area hits the ground first, therebysustaining damage to the most vulnerable parts of the board. Thedescribed panels are both lightweight and robust, so help to overcomethis problem.

In yet another example, there is described use of expanded polypropylene(ePP) fabric within a cover for an item, in particular sports equipmentor other type of hobby equipment. The ePP may be used alone, or inconjunction with one or more other material. In this example, the caseis particularly lightweight, and provides superior cushioning to theitem within the case. The ePP may be particularly beneficial when usedwithin a case or cover for a sports bag.

This application further describes an adjustable case or box fortransporting goods. The case is adjustable in at least one dimension, sothat the volume within the case can be selected or modified by the user.Ideally, the walls of the case are fastened into position to select thedimensions of the case prior to placing the items within. The adjustmentof the case is provided by a telescoping mechanism, in which at least afirst part of a case, itself defining a cavity, is received within thecavity of a second part of the case. The two parts overlap, whereinadjusting the extent of the overlap changes the dimensions of the caseand the volume of its inner cavity. Beneficially, the adjustable natureof the case allows the volume of the inner cavity of the case to bemodified to give a close fit for specific goods or products to becontained in the case.

In an eighth aspect the invention comprises a case for transportationand storage of goods, comprising:

a first and a second telescoping enclosure section, the firsttelescoping enclosure section comprising a first and second portion eachhaving an inner surface defining a cavity, the first and second portionarranged with inner surfaces facing in the same direction, the firstportion arranged to at least partially overlap with the second portion,the cavity of the first and second portion together defining an opencavity for at least partially receiving the goods; and

a second telescoping enclosure section, configured to close the opencavity so as to define an inner cavity for receiving goods.

The case may be a box, cover, enclosure or capsule (in other words, anycover or case for transporting goods or products). Each telescopingenclosure section is a section of the case which includes concentricparts that can overlap, so that a first portion of each telescopingenclosure section slides within (or is received within) a second portionof the telescoping enclosure section. The inner surface of the firstportion maybe parallel with, but offset with respect to, the innersurface of the second portion. In this example, at least the firsttelescoping enclosure section comprises an open container having an opencavity (for instance, forming a half shell section of the case or box).

The first portion of the telescoping enclosure section slides within thesecond portion of the telescoping enclosure section. In its compressedor collapsed state, each telescoping enclosure section may have thefirst portion almost entirely received within the second portion. Thisreduces the cavity within the enclosure section to its smallest size. Inits extended state, the first portion may be arranged to be only justoverlapping with the second portion, thereby defining the largestpossible volume for the cavity within the telescoping enclosure section.

In the present invention, a first and second telescoping enclosuresection are arranged to enclose an inner cavity. In other words, thefirst and second telescoping enclosure sections are configured to faceeach other, so they can be closed together to define a volume therein.Often, this will require the first and second telescoping enclosuresection to be arranged so that the outer walls of each section have thesame dimensions at the surface where the telescoping enclosure sectionsjoin.

Beneficially, the case provides a robust and secure packaging fortransportation and storage of items. However, the case is also adaptableaccording to the size and shape of the dimensions of the item. Theability to change the dimensions of the inner cavity of the case meansthat items can be held securely, without requiring customised packagingfor each item. The dimensions of the case can be adapted at the point ofuse according to their own requirements. For instance, the case can beadapted to provide a tight fit for an item, thereby removing therequirement for additional packaging within the case such as bubblewrap, foam loose fill packing or cardboard retainers. As a result, useof the case can save on the costs of additional packaging. This in turnprovides environmental benefits compared to traditional packagingmethods, as less packaging is used overall. Furthermore, use of the case(particularly for packaging fragile items) can save time for the user inpackaging the item compared to prior art methods. In particular, thecase removes the need for bespoke packaging of each item, and thewrapping of each individual item before placing in the packing case.

Moreover, the case can be recycled and reused. The case can be openedand then fastened closed a number of times. The modular nature of thecase means that, after transportation of a particular item, portionsfrom the case can be reused and incorporated into another case havingdifferent dimensions and including different component portions. Eachmodular portion of the case can be reused again and again, in manyconfigurations of the case.

Preferably, the size and/or dimensions of the inner cavity areadjustable by varying the dimensions of the first and second telescopingenclosure section. The first and second portion of the first telescopingsection can move with respect to each other in order to change thedimensions of the cavity defined within the case. The first and secondportions at least partially overlap so as to provide the telescopingmechanism. The first and second portions may form a base part of thecase, having walls and a bottom portion. The upper surface of the firsttelescoping section comprises or defines the opening or entry to theopen cavity.

The second telescoping enclosure section may be a lid arranged on thefirst telescoping section. The lid (second telescoping enclosuresection) may be flat, or may itself define a cavity to partially receivethe goods. The lid (second telescoping enclosure section) can beadjusted to change dimensions to correspond to changes in dimensions ofthe base (first telescoping enclosure section).

Optionally, the second telescoping enclosure section comprises a thirdand fourth portion, the third and fourth portion being arranged tooverlap, and configured to close the open cavity of the firsttelescoping enclosure section so as to define an inner cavity within thecase for receiving goods. For example, the second telescoping enclosuresection may be a lid comprising two overlapping parts, sheets orsections, arranged on the first telescoping enclosure section to closeor shut the open cavity. The third and fourth portion may not,themselves define a cavity, as the cavity in the first enclosure sectionmay be arranged to be sufficient to receive the goods or products. Forexample, the second enclosure section (formed of the third and fourthportion) may provide a lid or closure only.

In a further example, the lid may not be telescoping, but may beconfigured to close the open cavity of the first telescoping enclosuresection. In other words, the lid may not be adjustable, but instead havepredetermined dimensions. A variety of lids of different sizes could beprovided to be used with the first telescoping enclosure sectionarranged having open cavities of different sizes, the lids configured toclose the open cavity.

In yet a further example, the second telescoping enclosure section couldbe provided as a piece identical to the first telescoping enclosuresection. In this case, the two identical telescoping enclosure sectionscould be stacked, so that the outer surface of one of the telescopingenclosure sections (in other words, the surface that does not define acavity) closes the open cavity of the other telescoping enclosuresection. For instance, two telescoping enclosure sections according tothe first telescoping enclosure section described above could beconfigured so that their inner surfaces face in the same direction, withone of the two sections arranged on top of the other to enclose a cavitytherebetween. Any number of the described first telescoping enclosuresections could be stacked in order to close the open cavity of atelescoping enclosure section beneath.

Preferably, the second telescoping enclosure section has a third andfourth portion each having an inner surface defining a cavity, the thirdand fourth portion arranged having the inner surfaces facing in the samedirection, the third portion arranged to at least partially overlap withthe fourth portion, the cavity of the third and fourth portion togetherdefining an open cavity for at least partially receiving the goods;

the first telescoping enclosure section and the second telescopingenclosure section configured having respective inner surfaces facingeach other, so as to close the open cavities of the first and secondtelescoping enclosure sections and define an inner cavity for receivinggoods.

In other words, the first telescoping enclosure section is arranged tohave its open cavity facing the open cavity of the second telescopingenclosure section, so that the open side of each open cavity joins todefine the inner cavity therebetween.

Ideally the second telescoping enclosure section comprises two portions(a third and fourth portion), similar to the first and second portion ofthe first telescoping enclosure section. The third and fourth portionsat least partially overlap so as to provide the telescoping mechanism,and the inner surfaces of the first and second portion may be parallel,so that the third and fourth portions are concentric.

The first and second telescoping enclosure sections may be substantiallyidentical, but arranged to face each other so that the secondtelescoping enclosure section is a mirror of the first telescopingenclosure section. The second telescoping enclosure section has the sametelescoping mechanism as described above in relation to the firsttelescoping enclosure section. In other words, the third and fourthportion may be arranged so that the third portion is at least partiallyreceived by the cavity of the fourth portion.

Preferably, the size and/or dimensions of the inner cavity areadjustable by varying the amount by which the first portion overlapswith the second portion and by varying the amount by which the thirdportion overlaps with the fourth portion. For instance, the size and/ordimensions of the inner cavity are adjustable by varying the amount bywhich the first portion is received into the cavity of the secondportion and by varying the amount by which the third portion is receivedinto the cavity of the fourth portion.

In this example, the second telescoping enclosure section also defines acavity to at least partially contain the goods. The cavity may beshallow (compared to the first telescoping enclosure section), or may bedeeper than or equally as deep as the cavity of the first telescopingenclosure section. When the first and second telescoping enclosuresections are joined, their two open cavities join to form a closed innercavity to enclose the goods contained in the case.

Preferably, the case further comprises at least one fastener forcoupling the first portion to the second portion and/or for coupling thethird portion to the fourth portion.

The fastener is used to fasten the first and second telescopingenclosure sections to prevent them from adjusting dimensions by virtueof their telescoping ability after the case has been configured to therequired dimensions by the user. The fasteners hold each portion of theparticular telescoping enclosure section in position relative to theother portion of the same telescoping enclosure section. The fastenerscan be loosened to allow the relative positions of the portions of eachtelescoping enclosure section to be changed, and thereby change thedimensions of the telescoping enclosure sections. The fasteners can thenbe secured to fix the dimensions for each telescoping enclosure section.Beneficially, this allows the case to be completely adjustable to fitdifferent size goods.

Preferably, the at least one fastener is adjustable to vary the amountby which the first portion overlaps with the second portion, and to varythe amount by which the third portion overlaps with the fourth portion.For instance, the at least one fastener is adjustable to vary the amountby which the first portion is received within the second portion, and tovary the amount by which the third portion is received within the fourthportion. The fasteners hold the third portion of the telescopingenclosure section in position relative to the fourth portion of thetelescoping enclosure section. This allows the telescoping mechanism tovary the length of each telescoping enclosure section, by allowing thefirst and section portion, or third and fourth portion to be movedrelative to each other when required, but then held in the chosenposition by the respective fasteners.

Preferably, the at least one fastener is selected from the groupconsisting of: a self-locking mechanism, a tie strap, a Velcro strap, astrap and buckle, Velcro, a zip, a tension clasp, a ratchet clasp, dowelpins and receiving holes, a clip. Any suitable fastener could be used.The self-locking mechanism may be any type of compression fittingmechanism, such as cooperating protrusions and recesses at the opposingsurfaces of the different portions of the telescoping enclosuresections.

Preferably, the inner surface of the second portion at least partiallycomprises protrusions and/or depressions and the outer surface of thefirst portion at least partially comprises depressions and/orprotrusions, such that the protrusions and/or depressions of the secondportion are configured to interlock with the depressions and/orprotrusions at the first portion in order to couple the first and secondportion; and

the inner surface of the fourth portion at least partially comprisesprotrusions and/or depressions and the outer surface of the thirdportion at least partially comprises depressions and/or protrusions,such that the protrusions and/or depressions of the fourth portion areconfigured to interlock with the depressions and/or protrusions at thethird portion in order to couple the third and fourth portion.

In other words, protrusions and depressions or recesses in theconnecting surfaces interconnect or cooperate to hold each portion inplace. This can give a compression fitting or self-locking mechanism.The projections may be rods or columns, or may be ridges or otherpatterns of protrusions. The depressions or recesses cooperate with theshape of the protrusions to provide a good fit. For example, protrusionssuch as ridges, rods or bumps could fit into valleys, holes or dimplesin the opposing surface. In some cases the protrusions and recesses mayalso allow for surface decoration or product marking or branding.

Preferably, the case further comprises at least one fastener forconnection of the first telescoping enclosure section to the secondtelescoping enclosure section. In other words a fastener can be used tosecure the two parts or halves of the shell of the case together toenclose the cavity therebetween. Any suitable fastener could be used. Inorder to move the goods in and out of the case, the fastener willideally be secure once fastened but convenient to open by the user.

Preferably, the at least one fastener for connection of the firsttelescoping enclosure section to the second telescoping enclosuresection is selected from the group consisting of: a self-lockingmechanism, a tie strap, a Velcro strap, a strap and buckle, Velcro, azip, a tension clasp, a ratchet clasp, interlocking teeth, interlockingdepressions or protrusions, dowel pins and receiving holes, a clip. Theclip may be a C-clip that fits around the sides of the first and secondtelescoping enclosure sections, so as to push the telescoping enclosuresections together. In some examples, the C-clip could be retained bylocation of portions of the clip in channels at the outer surface of thecase.

Preferably, the outer surface of the first telescoping enclosure sectionopposing the second telescoping enclosure section comprises protrusionsand/or depressions, and the outer surface of the second telescopingenclosure section opposing the first telescoping enclosure sectioncomprises depressions and/or protrusions; and

wherein the protrusions and/or depressions at the first telescopingenclosure section are configured to interlock with the depressionsand/or protrusions at the second telescoping enclosure section in orderto couple the first telescoping enclosure section with the secondtelescoping enclosure section.

For instance, the particular surfaces of the first and secondtelescoping enclosure section that meet when the case is closed may haveprotrusions and recesses or depressions that cooperate or interlock toprovide a fastening. These recesses or depressions may be used to holdtogether the first and second telescoping enclosure sections, to enclosethe inner cavity.

Preferably, the case further comprises an expansion section, configuredto be arranged between the first telescoping enclosure section and thesecond telescoping enclosure section, in order to space apart the firsttelescoping enclosure section from the second telescoping enclosuresection.

Preferably, the expansion section has a cavity extending therethrough,the inner cavity of the case being defined by the first telescopingenclosure section, the second telescoping enclosure section and theexpansion section therebetween.

The expansion section acts to space apart the first and secondtelescoping enclosure sections when the case in the closedconfiguration. The expansion section may be a tubular portion, having acavity therethrough. The radial shape of the tubular portion may beconfigured to fit the shape of the walls of the first and secondtelescoping enclosure section, so that the expansion section is arrangedbetween the opposing surfaces of the first and second telescopingenclosure sections when the inner cavity is enclosed. The longitudinallength of the expansion section (perpendicular to the radial direction)determines the extent to which the volume of the inner cavity isincreased when the expansion sections are in place. Different sizedexpansion sections can be used to change the amount by which the innercavity is expanded.

Beneficially, this would allow items of different size to be placed inthe case. In a particularly advantageous example, a first and secondtelescoping enclosure section can be used provide an inner cavitydesigned to tightly hold a single sports board. However, expansionsections could be used between the first and second telescopingenclosure section so as to make the inner cavity deeper, and suitablefor containing two sports boards stacked on top of each other. In thisway, the expansion sections can be selected having a particular size toprovide an inner cavity having any required depth. A range of expansionsections having different sizes could be available for selection by theuser, according to their needs for the dimensions of the case. Forexample, the size of the expansion sections can be selected to house anynumber of sports boards tightly, without requirement for extra packaging(such as foam loose fill, or bubble wrap).

Preferably, the expansion section comprises a plurality of sections,portions or segments. For example, the expansion sections comprise aplurality of sections, portions or segments that can be inserted betweeneach portion of the telescoping enclosure sections. The expansionsections change the dimensions of the walls of the case. Differentexpansion sections (or segments of the expansion sections) may beprovided between the first and third portion, the second and fourthportion, or other portions of the telescoping enclosure sections, forexample.

Preferably, wherein the first telescoping enclosure section furthercomprises a fifth portion having an inner surface defining a cavity, thefifth portion arranged having the inner surface facing in the samedirection as the inner surface of the second portion, the fifth portionarranged to overlap with the second portion, the cavity of the first,second and fifth portion together defining the open cavity for at leastpartially receiving the goods; and

wherein the second telescoping enclosure section further comprises asixth portion having an inner surface defining a cavity, the sixthportion arranged having the inner surface facing in the same directionas the inner surface of the fourth portion, the sixth portion arrangedto overlap with the fourth portion, the cavity of the third, fourth andsixth portion together defining the open cavity for at least partiallyreceiving the goods.

In other words, the fifth portion is arranged to overlap with the secondportion so that the cavity of the second portion at least partiallyreceives the fifth portion, the cavity of the first, second and fifthportion together defining the open cavity for at least partiallyreceiving the goods. Furthermore, the sixth portion is arranged tooverlap with the fourth portion so that the cavity of the fourth portionat least partially receives the sixth portion, the cavity of the third,fourth and sixth portion together defining the open cavity for at leastpartially receiving the goods. The inner surface of the fifth portionmay be arranged to be parallel with the inner surface of the secondportion, and the inner surface of the sixth portion may be arranged tobe parallel with the inner surface of the sixth portion.

The fifth portion is arranged with respect to the second portion in asimilar arrangement to the first portion with respect to the secondportion. In other words, the fifth portion telescopes with the secondportion. Similarly, the sixth portion is arranged with respect to thefourth portion in a similar arrangement to the third portion withrespect to the fourth portion. In other words, the sixth portiontelescopes with the fourth portion. This results so that eachtelescoping enclosure section comprises three, telescoping portions.

Preferably, wherein the size and/or dimensions of the inner cavity areadjustable by varying the amount by which the fifth portion overlapswith the second portion and by varying the amount by which the sixthportion overlaps with the fourth portion. For instance, the size and/ordimensions of the inner cavity can be adjustable by varying the amountby which the fifth portion is received within the cavity of the secondportion and by varying the amount by which the sixth portion is receivedwithin the fourth portion. Advantageously, this means that thedimensions of the inner cavity within the case is highly adjustable.

It will be understood that each telescoping enclosure section cancomprise four, five or any number of portions, which may each betelescoping. In this way, a case can be formed which can be arranged tohave almost any length, in order to enclose almost any goods. In otherwords, the first and second telescoping enclosure sections may eachcomprise any number of portions, each overlapping each other so as toprovide a telescoping effect (e.g. to change the dimensions of thecavity within the case). In a particular example, the first and thirdportions may join to have a closed end, the second and fourth portionsmay form a tube, and the fifth and sixth portions may join to have acavity with a closed end. The skilled person will appreciate that anynumber of portions may be joined, making the dimensions of the case veryadaptable. The end of the case may also be removable, in order toprovide easier access for the case.

Preferably, the case further comprises at least one fastener forcoupling the fifth portion to the second portion and/or for coupling thesixth portion to the fourth portion. The fastener may hold the fifthportion in place relative to the second portion, and the sixth portionin place relative to the fourth portion. This means that, in use, thedimensions of the case are maintained as selected by the user.

Preferably, wherein the at least one fastener is adjustable to vary theamount by which the fifth portion overlaps with the second portion, andto vary the amount by which the sixth portion overlaps with the fourthportion. The fastener may allow coupling of the portions in anyconfiguration of the telescoping portions. All of the portions of thetelescoping enclosure sections should be appropriately joined, fastenedand connected.

Preferably, wherein the at least one fastener is selected from the groupconsisting of: a self-locking mechanism, a tie strap, a Velcro strap, astrap and buckle, Velcro, a zip, a tension clasp, a ratchet clasp, dowelpins and receiving holes. The self-locking mechanism may be any type ofcompression fitting mechanism, such as cooperating protrusions andrecesses at the opposing surfaces of the different portions of thetelescoping enclosure sections. Any suitable fastener may be used tohold the portions of the telescoping enclosure sections in placerelative to each other.

Preferably, wherein the inner surface of the second portion at leastpartially comprises protrusions and/or depressions and the outer surfaceof the fifth portion at least partially comprises depressions and/orprotrusions, such that the protrusions and/or depressions of the secondportion are configured to interlock with the depressions and/orprotrusions at the fifth portion in order to couple the second and fifthportion; and

the inner surface of the fourth portion at least partially comprisesprotrusions and/or depressions and the outer surface of the sixthportion at least partially comprises depressions and/or protrusions,such that the protrusions and/or depressions of the fourth portion areconfigured to interlock with the depressions and/or protrusions at thesixth portion in order to couple the fourth and sixth portion.

In other words, protrusions and depressions or recesses in theconnecting surfaces interconnect or cooperate to hold each portion inplace. This can give a compression fitting or self-locking mechanismbetween the portions within a particular telescoping enclosure section.The projections may be rods or columns, or may be ridges or otherpatterns of protrusions. The recesses cooperate with the shape of theprotrusions to provide a good fit. For example, protrusions such asridges, rods or bumps could fit into valleys, holes or dimples in theopposing surface. In some cases the protrusions and recesses may alsoallow for surface decoration or product marking or branding.

Preferably, the case further comprises surface protrusions and/orindentations at an outer surface of the first telescoping enclosuresection and the second telescoping enclosure section. The surfaceprotrusions and/or indentations can be configured to cooperate withsurface protrusions and/or indentations at the outer surface of a secondcase according to the invention, so that the cases can be stacked.

Preferably, the case further comprises surface protrusions and/orindentations at an outer surface of the second and/or fourth portion,configured to cooperate with surface indentations and/or protrusions atthe outer surface of the fourth and/or second portion. In particular,surface patterning (including protrusions and recesses) can be arrangedat the outer surface of the case, in order to cooperate with surfacepatterning at another case. This can be useful when the cases arestacked during transportation, for example, as it can provide extra gripbetween the stacked cases.

Preferably, wherein the surface protrusions and/or indentations at anouter surface of a second portion of a first case as described hereinare configured to cooperate with indentations and/or surface protrusionsat an outer surface of a fourth portion of a second case as describedherein. In fact, the surface protrusions and/or indentations or recessesat an outer surface of any of the portions of the first and secondtelescoping enclosure sections can be arranged to cooperate or interlockwith surface protrusions and/or indentations or recesses at an outersurface of any of the other portions of the first or second telescopingenclosure sections of another case.

Preferably, a first case of the plurality of cases is stacked on asecond case of the plurality of cases such that surface protrusionsand/or indentations at an outer surface of a second portion of the firstcase cooperate with surface indentations and/or protrusions at the outersurface of the fourth portion of the second case. Beneficially, thisimproves the grip between cases, and allows the cases to be stablystacked during transportation, even if the cases are arranged to havedifferent dimensions.

Preferably, a first case of the plurality of cases is stacked on asecond case of the plurality of cases such that surface protrusionsand/or indentations at an outer surface of the first telescopingenclosure section of the first case cooperates with surface indentationsand/or protrusions at the outer surface of the second telescopingenclosure section of the second case.

Preferably, the case further comprises a spacer element arranged at theouter surface of the first portion and/or third portion, such that theouter surface of the spacer element is level with the outer surface ofthe second portion or fourth portion, respectively. The spacer elementsmay be a panel or other element, arranged to fill any gaps betweenportions of the telescoping enclosure sections when cases are stacked.

Preferably, the portions are concave portions having a substantiallyU-shaped cross-section. For example, the portions may have a base andwalls, in order to define an open cavity. The surfaces walls of theportion (which form the surface of the cavity) may have a differentcross-sectional shape than the outer surfaces of the portion. Forexample, the inner surface may be smooth, without hard corners, but theouter surface may form walls and base which meet at corners. In anotherexample, the inner walls may be shaped to encase or hold a particularproduct, but the outer surface of the portions may be shaped to improvestacking with other cases.

Preferably, the first telescoping enclosure section and the secondtelescoping enclosure section have a closed end distal to the open faceof the open cavity. In other words, one side of the telescopingenclosure sections may be open, with the other sides of the cavityenclosed by walls of the telescoping enclosure sections.

Preferably, there is provided retainers at the inner surface of thefirst and second telescoping enclosure portions. For instance, the innersurface of any or all of the first, second, third, fourth or furtherportions of the telescoping portions may have retainers provide as lugsformed on the inner surface. The lugs may comprise protrusions orelements designed to hold the item within the case. The lugs may be‘snap’ off, in order to conform to the item within the case. As analternative, the retainers may be wedges (for instance, of foam),arranged to fit into channels formed in the walls of the case. The foamwedges may be used to retain the item within the case firmly into place.

The case (in particular, the portions of the first and secondtelescoping enclosure sections) may be formed of many different types ofmaterial. Preferably, the portions are formed of foam, the foam havingsufficient density to hold its shape during use, whilst providingsufficient resilience to provide cushioning to the item within the case.The foam may be polypropylene, for example expanded polypropylene. Thefoam may be polystyrene. In some examples, the portions of the case areformed by moulding. For example, the portions of the case can be formedaccording to the layered structure described with reference to otheraspects of the invention described above. For instance, in a particularexample, there each portion may be formed using a combination of atleast two polypropylene derivative materials (for example,self-reinforcing polypropylene, srPP, and expanded polypropylene foam,ePP).

In a ninth aspect there is described a case for transportation andstorage of goods, comprising:

a first and a third portion each having a recessed inner surfacedefining a cavity, the first and third portion arranged with the innersurfaces facing each other so as to form a first part of an telescopingenclosure section having an open end;

a second and a fourth portion each having a recessed inner surfacedefining a cavity, the second and fourth portion arranged with the innersurfaces facing each other, so as to form a second part of a telescopingenclosure section having an open end; and

the open end of the first part of the telescoping enclosure sectionconfigured to be at least partially received into the open end of thesecond part of the telescoping enclosure section to define an innercavity for receiving the goods.

In a tenth aspect there is described a case for transportation andstorage of goods, comprising:

a first and a second portion, a first end of the first portion and afirst end of the second portion each comprising a cross-section throughthe recess, the first end of the first portion arranged to overlap withthe first end of the second portion so that the cavity of the secondportion at least partially receives the first portion, the cavity of thefirst and second portion together forming a first part of an telescopingenclosure section having an open end;

a third and a fourth portion each having a recessed inner surfacedefining a cavity, a first end of the third and the fourth portion eachcomprising a cross-section through the recess, the first end of thethird portion arranged to overlap with the first end of the fourthportion so that the cavity of the fourth portion at least partiallyreceives the third portion, the cavity of the third and fourth portiontogether forming a second part of an telescoping enclosure sectionhaving an open end;

the first part of the telescoping enclosure section and the second partof the telescoping enclosure section arranged with the open ends facingeach other so as to define an inner cavity between for receiving goods.

In an eleventh aspect, there is a method for assembly of case fortransportation and storage of goods according to the enclosed figures.The method of assembly may comprise:

forming a first telescoping enclosure section by arranging a firstportion to overlap with a second portion, each portion having an innersurface defining a cavity, the first and second portion arranged so thatthe inner surfaces are facing in the same direction;

forming a second telescoping enclosure section by arranging a thirdportion to overlap with a fourth portion, each portion having an innersurface defining a cavity, the third and fourth portion arranged so thatthe inner surfaces facing in the same direction;

arranging the first telescoping enclosure section and the secondtelescoping enclosure section so that their respective inner surfacesface each other, thereby enclosing an inner cavity for receiving goods.

In a particular example, the first portion is fastened in positionrelative to the second portion. The third portion may be fastened inposition relative to the fourth portion.

Preferable, the first and second telescoping enclosure section may befastened together.

In a twelfth aspect there is described a case for transportation andstorage of goods, the goods having a length and a width, the casecomprising:

a first portion of an enclosure defining a cavity, the cavity arrangedto receive at least a first portion of the goods through an open end,and

a second portion of an enclosure defining a cavity, the cavity arrangedto receive at least a second portion of the goods through an open end,the first portion of the goods and the second portion of the goodcomprising the whole of the goods, and

wherein the open end of the second portion of the enclosure isconfigured to be at least partially received into the open end of thefirst portion of the enclosure so as to be adjustable in the directionof the length of the goods.

The skilled person will understand that any of the features described inrelation to the eighth aspect may also be applied to the ninth, tenth,eleventh or twelfth aspect.

Preferably in the eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh or twelfth aspect, theportions (of the first and second telescoping enclosure sections)comprise a plurality of layers. Preferably in the eighth, ninth, tenth,eleventh or twelfth aspect, the plurality of layers comprises at least arobust outer layer and a resilient inner layer. Any number of layerscould be incorporated into each portion. For example, layers of foams ofdiffering density could be used. In some examples, a felt or materiallayer could be used at the innermost surface of the portions. An outerskin or branding layer could be applied to the outermost surface of eachof the portions. At least part of the robust outer layer may comprisesrPP and at least part of the resilient inner layer may comprise ePP.

The inner layer may be softer, and provide cushioning for the goodswithin the case. The inner layer may be formed of a foam material suchas expanded polypropylene. The outer layer may provide greaterprotection than the inner layer. For example, the outer layer may beprovided to prevent cuts or rips at the outer surface of the case. Theouter layer may be a reinforced composite material, suchself-reinforcing polypropylene. In a particular

Preferably in the eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh or twelfth aspect, thefirst and second telescoping enclosure sections are rigid or semi-rigid.In other words, each portion may retain its shape, even when goods arenot present within the case. However, the walls of the portions may besomewhat flexible.

Preferably in any aspect, and particularly the eighth, ninth, tenth,eleventh or twelfth aspect, the case further comprises an outer sheath,enclosing the first and second part of the telescoping enclosuresection. For example, this may be a wrapping, cover or skin to at leastpartially wrap around or enclose the portions of the first and secondtelescoping enclosure sections. This may provide extra protection, andalso securely fasten the portions together.

Preferably any aspect, and particularly in the eighth, ninth, tenth,eleventh or twelfth aspect, goods are hobby equipment. The hobbyequipment may be sports equipment, a musical instrument or photographyequipment.

In a particular example, the goods may be a sports board. Preferably inthe eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh or twelfth aspect, the sports boardis a surfboard, a kiteboard, a paddleboard, a windsurf board or asnowboard.

In a particular example, the goods may be cycling equipment, including abicycle or parts of a bicycle. The goods may be one or more Hydo foils,surf fins, carbon surf fins, guns, fishing equipment, paddle covers(SUP, Kayak etc), binoculars, telescopes, video cameras, laptops,external hard drive cases or batteries. For example for batteries, theremay be particular advantages, for example to maintain a stabletemperature, and to avoid damage.

In a further example, a case may be provided that comprises a first andsecond enclosure portion. The first and second enclosure portion mayeach have an inner surface defining an open cavity. The first and secondenclosure portion may be arranged with the inner surfaces facing eachother, the open end of the first enclosure portion configured to be atleast partially received into the open end of the second enclosureportion, to define a cavity therebetween for receiving the sports board.

The first and second enclosure portions may be a first and second shellportions. For example, the first and second enclosure portions beingarranged so as to be telescoping. This allows the first and secondenclosure portions to be moved with respect to each other, in order tochange the dimensions of the cavity within the case.

In particular, such a case may be for transportation or storage of asports board such as a surf board.

Although a number of the aspects of the invention described herein aredescribed in relation to a sports board or a surfboard, it will beunderstood that any of the aspects of the invention could be applied toprovide a cover, bag or case for other hobby equipment or sportsequipment. For instance, each of the aspects herein could be used toprovide covers, bags or cases for cycling equipment (for example,mountain bicycles or road bicycles, or their constituent parts). Casesfor other hobby equipment such as photography equipment or musicalinstruments could be formed according to the aspects of the inventiondescribed. Cases, covers or bags according to the described aspects ofthe invention could be formed for a host of items such as one or moreHydo foils, surf fins, carbon surf fins, guns, fishing equipment, paddlecovers (SUP, Kayak etc), binoculars, telescopes, video cameras, laptops,external hard drive cases or batteries. None of the aspects described inthe present application are limited for use in a cover or case forsports boards only.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A cover or case for goods (for example, a sports board) in accordancewith aspects of the present disclosure is described, by way of exampleonly, with reference to the following drawings, in which:

FIG. 1A is a schematic view of a first, a second, a third and a fourthconcave portion when the cover is in a disassembled form;

FIG. 1B is a schematic view of a part-assembled cover for a board;

FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view of the part-assembled cover for aboard illustrated in FIG. 1B;

FIG. 1D is a schematic view of a fully assembled cover for a board;

FIG. 1E is a schematic view of a further example of a fully assembledcover for a board;

FIG. 2A is a schematic view of a further example of a cover for a boardin an open position;

FIG. 2B is a schematic view of the example of a cover for a board shownin FIG. 2A in a closed position;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a further example of a cover for a board;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the overlapping surfaces of twoconcave portions having interlocking teeth;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a concave portion having a pluralityof layers;

FIG. 6A is a plan view of a cover for a sports board according to afurther example;

FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the cover for a sportsboard according to the example of FIG. 6A;

FIG. 7A is a plan view of a cover for a sports board according to astill further example;

FIG. 7B is an exploded view of the cover for a sports board according tothe example of FIG. 7A;

FIG. 8A is a schematic view of a still further example of a cover for asports board;

FIG. 8B is a schematic view of another example of a cover for a sportsboard;

FIG. 9 is a plan view of a cover for a sports board incorporating srPPpanels;

FIG. 10A is a cross-sectional view of a wall of a cover incorporatingsrPP;

FIG. 10B is a schematic view of an embodiment of a case or coverincorporating srPP;

FIG. 10C is a perspective view of the embodiment of a case or cover ofFIG. 10B;

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a case comprising an inner portionof ePP and an outer layer of srPP;

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a second example of case comprisingan inner portion of ePP and an outer layer of srPP;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a first method of manufacture of the caseof FIG. 11;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a second method of manufacture of thecase of FIG. 11;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a third method of manufacture of the caseof FIG. 11

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a case formed of a first and secondtelescoping enclosure section, each having two portions;

FIG. 17A is a cross-sectional view of a further example of a case formedof a first and second telescoping enclosure section;

FIG. 17B is a perspective view and a cross-sectional view of a furtherexample of a case formed of a first and second telescoping enclosuresection;

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the first telescoping enclosure sectionof a case;

FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a case formed of a first and secondtelescoping enclosure section;

FIG. 20 is a further view of the case of FIG. 19;

FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of the case of FIGS. 19 and 20;

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of a case formed of a first and secondtelescoping enclosure section, each having three portions;

FIG. 23 is a perspective view of an arrangement of a plurality of casesaccording to the invention;

FIG. 24 is a perspective view of further arrangements of a plurality ofcases according to the invention;

FIG. 25 shows a number of schematic views of a case;

FIG. 26 shows a number of schematic views of arrangements of a pluralityof cases and their fixing means;

FIG. 27 shows a further example of a case having telescoping enclosuresections;

FIG. 28 shows further views of the fasteners used between portions ofthe case;

FIG. 29 shows a further example of a case having telescoping enclosuresections;

FIG. 30 shows a perspective view of a case formed of a first and secondtelescoping enclosure section, each having three portions;

FIG. 31 shows a case formed of a first and second telescoping enclosuresection, each having five portions;

FIG. 32 shows a case formed of a first and second telescoping enclosuresection and further including expansion sections;

FIG. 33 is a perspective view of a case formed of a first and secondtelescoping enclosure section, each having three portions;

FIG. 34 shows a perspective view of the case of FIG. 33 in differentconfigurations;

FIG. 35 shows a partially exploded view of the case of FIGS. 33 and 34;

FIG. 36 shows a cross-sectional view of the case of FIGS. 33, 34 and 35;

FIG. 37 shows a further cross-sectional view of the case of FIGS. 33, 34and 35;

FIG. 38 shows a view of the first telescoping enclosure section of thecase of FIGS. 33, 34 and 35;

FIG. 39 shows a partially exploded view of the case of FIGS. 33 and 34;

FIG. 40 shows a further example of a case;

FIG. 41 shows a further example of a case;

FIG. 42 shows an example of retainers used within the described case;and

FIG. 43 shows alternative examples of retainers used within thedescribed case.

Where appropriate, like reference numerals denote like elements in thefigures. The figures are not to scale.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Referring first to FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D, there is a cover 10 forsports equipment. In particular, the sports equipment is a sports boardthat is elongate and which has a length and a width that are greaterthan its depth. The board may be any type of board for use in a sport,for example, a surfboard, snowboard, paddle board, windsurfing board orkiteboard.

The cover comprises a first 12, a second 14, a third 16 and a fourth 18concave portions. These are shown separated apart from each other inFIG. 1A in a configuration required to insert a board within the cover.Each concave portion in the example of FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D issubstantially rigid or semi-rigid (although may be somewhat flexible)and has a U-shaped cross-section. FIG. 1C illustrates the U-shapedcross-section of the third and fourth concave portions. The shape of theconcave portions encapsulates or covers at least a portion of the boardso as to provide a shell for that region of the board. The innersurfaces of the concave portions define a hollow cavity into which aportion of the board can be inserted. The inner surfaces of the concaveportions conform to the shape of the board. In the particular exampleshown, each of the concave portions 12, 14, 16, 18 provides a shell tocover around one quarter of the board. However, it will be understoodthat different sizes and shapes of concave portion could be used.

The concave portions are configured to form a first part of an enclosureB and a second part of an enclosure C. For example, in the embodimentdepicted in FIG. 1B, the first 12 and second 14 concave portions form afirst part of an enclosure B to cover a first half of the board and thethird and the fourth concave portions form a second part of theenclosure C to cover the second half of the board.

The first 12 and second 14 concave portions fit together or co-operateto form the first enclosure portion B. In particular, the second concaveportion 12 fits partially inside the first concave portion 12 such thatthe open edges or the lip of the two concave portions overlap. A hollowor cavity is defined by the joined cavity of the first and secondconcave portion. This creates a cover configured to encloseapproximately half the board.

The third 16 and fourth 18 concave portions are fitted together is asimilar fashion. In other words, the open edges of the fourth concaveportion 18 are received into the cavity or hollow of the third concaveportion 16. The hollow of the third 16 and fourth 18 concave portiontogether define a cavity or volume which can receive approximately halfthe board. The edge of the fourth concave portion 18 fits closely withinthe third concave portion 16, so that their edges overlap. This isdepicted in FIG. 1C, which shows a cross-sectional view along axis A ofFIG. 1B.

The first 12 and second 14 concave portion (forming the first enclosurepart B) and the third 16 and fourth 18 concave portion (forming thesecond enclosure part C) may be connected to form the cover 10. In otherwords, the two half-covers (enclosure parts B and C) may be closedaround the board, so as to encapsulate the board. The cover 10 is formedby partially inserting the open end of the second enclosure part C intothe open end of the first enclosure part B. As such, the open edgeregions of the second enclosure part C overlap with the open edgeregions of the first enclosure part B. As such, the first enclosure partB and second enclosure part C fit together to enclose a volume. Thecover formed by connection of the first 12, second 14, third 16 andfourth 18 concave portions is depicted in FIG. 1D. A board can becontained in the volume (although the board is not shown in FIG. 1D).

In the example shown in FIG. 1E, the first 12 and second 14 concaveportions are joined and secured in place using a fastener. Here thefastener is a quick release buckle and straps 22 (of the type found tosecure a harness). A first strap and female portion of the buckle isattached or anchored to the first concave portion 12. A second strap andthe male portion of the buckle is attached or anchored to the secondconcave portion 14. The male and female buckle may be connected tosecure the first 12 and second 14 concave portion together. The straps22 may be tightened at the buckle in order to pull the first 12 andsecond 14 concave portions together. Tightening the strap has the effectof pushing the second concave portion 14 further into the first concaveportion 12, and can be used to cause the concave portions to tightenaround a board contained in the volume. By this mechanism, the size anddimensions of the volume can be adjusted to fit boards of differentwidth. Preferably, the fastener 22 is tightened until the snuggestpossible fit of the concave portions around the board is achieved.

A fastener is also used to connect the third and fourth concaveportions. The fastener shown in FIG. 1E is a strap 22 and quick releasebuckle fastener as described above in relation to the first and secondportions. The buckle allows the adjustment of the fastener so that thethird 16 and fourth 18 concave portion can be pulled more closelytogether (in other words, so that the fourth concave portion 18 ispulled further into the cavity defined by the third concave portion 16).This changes the dimensions of the cavity defined by the third 16 andfourth 18 concave portions, in order that the third 16 and fourth 18concave portions conform to and fit more tightly around the board.

The first enclosure part B and the second enclosure part C are heldsecurely together by a fastener. In this case, the fastener is a ratchetclip and buckle. A first part of the clip 20 is anchored at the firstconcave portion 12 and attached to a second part of the clip located atthe third concave portion 16. A second ratchet clip 20 is anchored inthe same way between the second concave portion 14 and the fourthconcave portion 18. The ratchet clips 20 can be adjusted to pull theenclosure parts B and C together to tighten the cover around the board.For example, tightening the ratchet clips 20 causes the second enclosurepart C to be pulled further into the first enclosure part B, in order totighten the cover 10 lengthways around the board. As such, the cover canbe adjusted to fit boards of different length. This ensures a snug fitof the cover for a particular board. A benefit of the design illustratedin FIG. 1E is that the cover 10 can be adjusted to fit tightly in awidth-ways and in a length-ways direction around the board and isadaptable to many sizes and dimensions of board.

In use, the user arranges the first 12 and second 14 concave portionsaround a first and second quarter of the board. The first 12 and second14 concave sections are joined using the fastener 22, which can betightened to pull the first and second concave portion together and moreclosely fit around the width of the board. Next, the user arranges thethird 16 and fourth 18 concave portions around the uncovered quarters ofthe board. These are then connected together and tightened to fit thewidth of the board. Finally, the first 12 and second 14 concave portion(or first enclosure part), and the third 16 and fourth 18 concaveportion (or second enclosure part) are pushed together length ways inorder to enclose the board. The four concave portions 12, 14, 16, 18 areheld in position using the fasteners 20, 22. Once the fasteners 20, 22are secured into place, the cover 10 effectively protects the boardduring transportation.

Referring next to FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, there is shown a cover 200 for asports board comprising a variation on the embodiment of the cover ofFIG. 1A to 1E. The cover 200 comprises a first 212 and a second 214concave shell portion. Each concave portion 212, 214 is substantiallyrigid. Each portion is shaped to enclose approximately the full lengthand half the width of the board. In other words, each concave portion212, 214 is elongate, and has a substantially U-shaped cross-section.Each concave portion has an opening along one edge, extending the lengthof the concave portion. Each concave section 212, 214 is shaped so as todefine a cavity which is configured to receive approximately half thevolume of the board.

FIG. 2A shows the cover 200 in an open position ready to receive theboard. The first 212 and second 214 concave shell portions are arrangedhaving the open edges facing each other. In other words, the innersurfaces (or surfaces within the cavity) of the first 212 and second 214concave shell portions face each other. The first 212 and second 214concave shell portions are connected at one end via a pivot 224. Thepivot 224 extends only through the outer walls of the shell portions212, 214, in order that the first concave shell portion 212 may rotaterelative to the second concave shell portion 214 without the pivotobstructing any portion of the volume within the concave portions.

The closed configuration of the cover 200 is shown in FIG. 2B. The firstconcave portion 212 is arranged to partially receive the second concaveportion 214 so as to define a cavity or enclose a volume between. Thesize and dimensions of the cavity in the width-ways direction can bechanged by causing the second concave shell portion 214 to be furtherreceived into the first concave shell portion 212. In this way, thevolume or cavity can be adapted to receive different widths of board.

A fastener (not shown) is provided to secure the second concave shellportion 214 into position relative to the first concave shell portion212. In other words, the fastener can be used to hold the shell portionsinto position to enclose the volume. The fastener is adjustable suchthat the first 212 and second 214 concave shell portions may be rotatedaround the pivot 224 to provide particular dimensions for the cavity.

In use, the first 212 and second 214 concave shell portions may beseparated or opened by rotation around the pivot 224. This allows accessto the volume within. The user may then position a board into the firstconcave shell portion 212, such that approximately a first half of theboard is enclosed in the first concave shell portion 212 with a secondhalf of the board is left exposed. The first 212 and second 214 concaveshell portion may then be moved relative to each other by rotationaround the pivot 224. In this way, the two concave shell portions 212,214 can be moved together to enclose the board within. The first 212 andsecond 214 concave shell portions can be secured together by fixture ofa fastener.

The first 212 and second 214 concave shell portion may be pushed moretightly together to reduce the width of the cavity in which the board iscontained. This allows the cover 200 to be adjusted to suit the width ofthe board. As such, a tight fit can be provided for the cover 200 aroundthe board, and so the board is less prone to movement within the coveror damage during use.

Referring next to FIG. 3, a further embodiment of the cover 300 isdepicted. The cover is partially open, and is in a configuration usedfor insertion of the board.

In this embodiment, there is a first 312 and second 314 concave shellportion similar to that described above in relation to the embodiment ofFIGS. 2A and 2B. However, in the embodiment of FIG. 3, the first 312 andsecond 314 concave shell portions enclose only half the length of asports board. The outline of the sports board 326 is shown in FIG. 3,although this is not intended to form part of the invention. Acorresponding third 316 and fourth 318 concave shell portion is providedto enclose the second half of the length of the board 326. The third 316and fourth 318 concave shell portions fit together in the same manner asthe first 312 and second 314 concave shell portions. In other words, thefourth concave shell portion 318 may be closed together to form a cavityto receive the second half to the board. The open edge of the fourthconcave portion is received into a cavity defined by the third concaveshell portion 316, such that regions near to the open edges of the third316 and fourth 218 concave portions overlap. The third 316 and fourth318 concave shell portions are connected via a pivot 325 at one end. Thedimensions of the cavity formed between the third 316 and fourth 318concave shell portion can be adjusted by rotation of the two portionsaround the pivot 325 in order to bring the two shell portions closertogether. The third 316 and fourth 318 concave shell portion may besecured relative to each other using a fastener 320. The fastener 320may be any type of catch, buckle, strap, or other fastener.

To close the cover in order to encapsulate the board, the third 316 andfourth 318 concave shell portions are received by the first 312 andsecond 314 concave shell portions. Specifically, the open edges of thethird 316 and fourth 318 concave portion are received into the cavitydefined by the first 312 and second 314 concave portion such that theregions of each concave portions adjacent the open edges overlap. Whenarranged appropriately, the first 312, second 314, third 316 and fourth318 concave portions define a volume to receive a board 326. The twopivoted pairs of concave portions 312, 314, 316, 318 close and interlockwith each other to enclose the volume using a ‘scissor’ action.

In use, each of the first 312, second 314, third 316 and fourth 318concave portions is arranged around approximately one quarter of theboard. The first 312 and second 314 concave portions are closed togetherby rotation around a pivot 324 in order to enclose approximately halfthe board. Likewise, the third 316 and fourth 318 concave portions arerespectively rotated around a pivot 325, in order to encloseapproximately half the board. The four concave portions 312, 314, 316,318 may then be pushed together to entirely enclose the board.

By closing the first 312 and second 314 and also the third 316 andfourth 318 concave portions more tightly around the pivot 324, the covercan be adjusted to suit the width of the board. Furthermore, by movingthe first 312 and second 314 concave portions relative to the third 316and fourth 318 concave shell portions (so as to move each pair towardsor apart from each other), the cover can be adjusted to suit the lengthof the board. Once the concave shell portions 312, 314, 316, 318 havebeen adjusted to closely fit the board, the shell portions can besecured into position using fasteners 320. The fasteners shown in FIG. 3are clips and buckles which secure the concave shell portions tightlyinto position. In the example of FIG. 3, interlocking teeth (not shown)at the overlapping surfaces secure the first 312 and second 314 concaveshell portions relative the third 316 and fourth 318 concave portions.Nevertheless, the skilled person will appreciate that other types offastener could be used. Each fastener is adjustable and so can be movedto accommodate different positions of each concave shell portion 312,314, 316, 318 or each pair of concave portions relative to each other.

FIG. 4 illustrates an overlapping edge portion of a first 412 and asecond 414 concave shell portion. The outer surface of the second 414(or inner) shell portion comprises teeth. The inner surface of the first412 (or outer) shell portion also comprises teeth. The teeth arearranged to cooperate with each other in order to interlock. The teethhave a first sloped side, and a second stepped side. As such, the teethcan be more easily moved with respect to one another in a firstdirection (from right to left in FIG. 4) than in a second direction. Ina first direction the teeth side across each other using the sloped“ramp” portion of each tooth. However, if moved in the oppositedirection (from left to right in FIG. 4) the steps of the teeth areabutting which prevents the two shell portions 412, 414 moving apart. Assuch, the teeth provide a fastening mechanism to hold the concave shellportions in place.

As will be understood by the person skilled in the art, a similarconfiguration could be used in respect of any pair of overlappingconcave portions, in order to secure the concave portions more tightlyaround the board.

FIG. 5 shows a cross-section of an example concave shell portion 500.The concave portion includes a plurality of layers. An outer layer 530comprises a robust outer shell. For example, the outer layer 530 may becomprised of self-reinforcing PolyPropylene (srPP) or another reinforcedmaterial. The outer layer 530 is designed to be high-strength, and yetbe lightweight and as thin as possible.

Within the cavity of the outer shell 530, at least one resilient layeris provided. In the example of FIG. 5, the inner layers include a densefoam layer 532, together with a medium resilience foam layer 534 and asofter and more compressible inner wadding material layer 536. Theinnermost material layer 536 is malleable and conformable to the shapeof a board 538 held within the cover. As such, the inner layers 532,534, 536 cushion and hold the board in place. In one example, at leastone of the inner layers 532, 534 and 536 comprise ePP. In anotherexample, more than one of these layers comprise ePP of differentdensities.

Although FIG. 5 shows a concave portion having a plurality of layers, itwill be understood that the concave portions described herein do notnecessarily comprise a plurality of layers. Instead, the concaveportions may be formed having walls of a single material, or a singlelayer. Alternatively, the concave portions may comprise walls formed ofa plurality of layers of the same material. For example, the concaveportions may comprise one layer, two layers or more than two layers of areinforced material such as srPP.

FIG. 6A shows a further example of a cover for a sports board which canbe adjusted in two dimensions (in the direction of the length and widthof the board). The board cover 800 may form a semi-rigid shell orenclosure 810 in which a sports board can be contained. A closableopening 820 provides an entrance to the cavity within the enclosure 810.The board can be inserted into the enclosure 810 through the closableopening 820. In this case, the closable opening 820 is positioned at oneend of the enclosure 810 and is sealed using a zip.

A first expandable panel 840 is arranged extending across the enclosure810 in the direction of the width of a sports board within theenclosure. In this case, the expandable panel 840 comprises a portion ofmaterial that may be folded, pleated or corrugated. For example, asshown in a cross-sectional view in FIG. 6B, the portion of materialforms a concertina containing three pleats 816 when the expandable panel840 is retracted or pulled together. By gathering or drawing togetherthe material (for example by folding together the pleats) the expandablepanel 840 may be reduced so that the distance between one side 812 ofthe expandable panel and the other 814 is decreased. As a result theoverall dimensions of the enclosure 810 (and accordingly the dimensionsof the cavity within the enclosure 810) are changed. Alternatively, thepleats 816 can be expanded or smoothed out in order to increase thedistance between one side 812 of the expandable panel and the other 814(as well as the dimensions of the enclosed cavity).

The expandable panel 840 further comprises a fastener, in this case azip. A first half of the zip 852 is arranged on the surface of theenclosure 810 at the edge of the expandable panel so as to be positionedto mate or couple with zips at the ridge of each pleat 850. For example,as shown in FIG. 6B, one half of a zip Z is arranged to couple witheither zip A, B or C which are each attached at an edge of a pleat orcorrugation in the expandable panel 840. By coupling zip Z with eitherof zip A, B or C, the width of the expandable panel 840 is adjusted. Theexpandable panel 840 is maintained at its minimum size when zip Z isattached to zip C. The maximum expansion of the expandable panel 840 isprovided when none of the zips are coupled and the folds in theexpandable panel are smoothed out. Coupling zip Z to zip A or zip Bprovides an intermediate width for the expandable panel 840. Each changein the dimensions of the expandable panel 840 results in a change of thedimensions of the cavity defined by the enclosure 810.

In the example illustrated at FIG. 6A, zip Z is coupled with zip B. As aresult, the expandable panel 840 is maintained so as to have two folds,but the fold at which zip C is mounted is smoothed out. Accordingly, theoverall length of the enclosure 810 (and the internal cavity) is reducedfrom its maximum length by the length of material between zip Z and zipB.

A similar, second expandable panel 830 is arranged at the enclosure 810to extend along the direction of the length of a board received withinthe enclosure 810. This expandable panel 830 is equivalent to theexpandable panel 840 extending across the width of the enclosure. Asbefore, the second expandable panel 830 comprises a section of materialwhich can be corrugated or pleated in the manner demonstrated in FIG.6B. When the expandable panel 830 is arranged so that the pleats areextended or flattened out, the expandable panel 830 provides a maximumextension to the width of the enclosure 810. However, when the pleats orcorrugations are gathered or folded, the expandable panel 830 reducesthe width of the enclosure 810 to a minimum.

As before, the expandable panel 830 extending in the direction of thelength of a board includes a first zip 856 which is arranged to coupleto a plurality of other zips 854. In the same manner as shown in theexample of FIG. 6B, the plurality of other zips may be arranged spacedat intervals connected to the ridge or fold of each pleat. As a result,coupling the first zip to each of the plurality of zips provides anumber of different widths for the enclosure 810 as a result of thenumber of folds gathered at the expandable panel 830.

In use, the user can arrange the zips A, B, C, Z at the first 840 andsecond 830 expandable panel to select an appropriate length and widthfor the cover 800 according to the sports board to be enclosed. Forexample, a board having a longer length but a narrower width can beaccommodated by connecting zips Z and C at the expandable panel 830extending lengthways at the enclosure 810, whilst not coupling any ofthe zips at the expandable panel 840 extending widthways at theenclosure 810.

FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate a further example of the cover for a sportsboard. In this example, an expandable panel 830 is arranged in thelongitudinal direction of the enclosure 810 in the manner describedabove in relation to FIGS. 6A and 6B. However, in this example, theexpandable panel 940 arranged extending across the width of theenclosure 810 does not comprise the corrugated or concertina sectiondescribed above in relation to FIGS. 6A and 6B. Instead, the expandablepanel 940 in the widthways direction is an overlapping section.

In FIGS. 7A and 7B, the enclosure 810 is comprised of two shell portions914, 918. The first and second shell portions 914, 918 are shaped havinga cavity to receive slightly more than half a sports board. Each shellportion 914, 918 comprises an expandable panel 830 arranged in thedirection of the length of the board as described above.

To form the enclosure, the two shell portions 914, 918 are arrangedhaving their inner surfaces facing, such that a first shell portion 914is receive within the cavity of the second shell portion 918. In thisway, the cavities within the first 914 and second 918 shell portion jointo provide a cavity to contain the board. When the first shell portion914 is received within the cavity of the second shell portion 918, theedge regions at the open sides of the first and second shell portionsoverlap 945. By inserting the first shell portion 914 in to the secondshell portion 918 by a greater extent, the overlapping region 945 isincreased and the overall size of the cavity within the enclosure 810 isreduced. In this way the overlapping portion 945 represents theexpandable panel 940.

The overlapping portion further comprises a plurality of zips A, B, C,Z. A first zip fastener comprising a first set of interlocking teeth Zarranged at the open edge of the second shell portion 918 whichsurrounds the edge region of the first shell portion 914. A number ofzip fasteners A, B, C having teeth for interlocking with the first zipfastener Z are arranged at intervals in the edge region of the firstshell portion 914. The plurality of zips A, B, C are each arranged tocouple with the first zip Z, so as to maintain the first shell portion914 in position relative to the second shell portion 918. In this way,the extent of the overlap 945 of the first and second shell portion canbe maintained.

In use, the user adjusts the overlap 945 of the first 914 and second 918shell portion by moving the first 914 and second 918 shell portionsrelative to each other, for instance by pushing the two shell portions914, 918 further together to increase the region of overlap 945. Theuser selects a zip from the plurality of zips A, B, C to which the firstzip Z may be coupled. The zip A, B, C may be selected in order to setthe overlap of the first 914 and second 918 shell portion in a suitableposition to provide a cavity to receive a particular length of sportsboard.

FIGS. 8A and 8B show two further examples for a cover for a sports boardhaving an adjustable size. FIGS. 8A and 8B show a cover in which theenclosure 810 comprises expandable panels arranged in the longitudinaldirection of the board. In the illustrated embodiments, an expandablepanel is provided in only one dimension. In FIG. 8A, there is a singleexpandable panel 830. However, more than one expandable panel 832, 834may be included at the enclosure as shown in FIG. 8B. Advantageously,including more than one expandable panel arranged in the same directionallows additional flexibility in the expansion of the dimensions of thecover.

Although FIG. 8B shows two expandable panels 832, 834 both arranged inthe longitudinal direction in respect of the board, the enclosure 810could instead comprise two or more expandable panels arranged to extendacross the width of the cover. In a further example, the enclosure maycomprise both two or more expandable panels in the longitudinaldirection and in the width-ways directions.

In the examples of FIGS. 8A and 8B, the expandable panels may be formedof a panel having corrugations and pleats as shown in FIG. 6B. Theexpandable panels also may comprise associated fasteners.

In the examples of FIGS. 6A, 6B, 7A, 7B, 8A and 8B the expandable panelis at least partially formed of flexible material. This allows theexpandable panel to be gathered, pleated or folded in order to expand orretract the expandable panel. However, the remaining portions of theenclosure may be formed of a rigid, semi-rigid or flexible protectivematerial. For example, the enclosure may comprise four concave portionshaving a U-shaped cross-section that each encloses approximately aquarter of the board. The four concave portions may then be joined bythe more flexible expandable panels. Alternatively, the whole of theenclosure may comprise a more flexible material cover which is not rigid(for example, in the manner of a soft-shell case), with the describedexpansion panels formed therein. However, whether the enclosure iscomprised of rigid shell portions or a softer casing, the enclosureprovides a durable and robust protective layer enclosing the sportsboard.

Furthermore, although the examples of FIGS. 6A, 6B, 7A, 7B, 8A and 8Bshow a zipper or zip fastener to secure the expandable panel inposition, other types of fastener may be used. For example, Velcro maybe used, such that the “hook” portion of the Velcro is secured along theedge of each pleat or fold of the concertina, to be coupled to the“loop” portion of the Velcro arranged elsewhere at the expandable panel.Alternatively, straps, or buckles and straps may be arranged to encirclethe enclosure to hold the expandable panel in a folded formation. In afurther alternative, a strap and buckle can be provided wherein thebuckle is connected to the enclosure at a first side of the expandablepanel, and the strap is connected to the enclosure at a second side ofthe expandable panel, opposite the first side. Coupling of the strap andbuckle and subsequent tightening of the strap allows the corrugatedsection of the expandable panel to be drawn together. The corrugatedsection of the expandable panel may naturally form folds as the fasteneris pulled together, rather than having a predetermined position for thefolds. As such, a strap and buckle configuration may be useful to allowgreater flexibility in the change of size of the dimensions of thecover. In particular, the fastener can be tightened at a strap andbuckle until the expandable panel is retracted to tightly conform to thelength and/or width of the sports board.

Use of srPP

Self-reinforcing PolyPropylene (srPP) fabric is a particularlyadvantageous material for use in a bag or cover for sports equipment. Inparticular, the material is both high-strength and lightweight. Thematerial may be layered for additional strength, or may be used aspanels of a single layer of material. A particular example of srPP isArmordon™.

FIG. 9 illustrates a board cover 600 including srPP panels. The panelsof srPP 640 are sown into the body of the board cover 600. The skilledperson will understand that although a board cover is shown in theexample of FIG. 9, covers for other types of sports equipment maycomprise the same features and attributes.

FIG. 9 shows a board cover including four srPP panels 640 arrangedwithin one face of the board cover 600. The skilled person willunderstand that the opposing surface of the board cover 600 includes asimilar arrangement of srPP panels 640. Furthermore, srPP panels 640 canbe included in various configurations in the side walls of the boardcover. Alternative embodiments may include a greater or fewer number ofsrPP panels 640 arranged within the walls of the board cover 600. Insome embodiments, a single srPP panel or layer may extend substantiallyacross the full area of the face of the board cover 600.

As shown in FIG. 10A, in a particular embodiment the board covercomprises an outer layer 748 and a plurality of inner layers (forexample including a thin dense foam layer 746 and an innermost softmaterial wadding layer 744). In the illustrated example, the outer layer748 is a fabric cover providing an attractive appearance. The srPP layer740 is arranged directly inside the outermost layer. An innermost layer744 is resilient and provides a cushioning for the board, and a densefoam layer 746 provides support and structural integrity to the coverwithout adding to much additional weight. The inner layer 744 may beespecially deformable, in order that the board is held securely inposition and protected from damage. The resilient, deformable layers 744and 746 may be formed of ePP.

The srPP layer 740 is arranged in regions of the cover between the innerand outer layers. The srPP layers or panels 740 may be retrofitted tothe cover 600 (in other words, fitted within an existing board cover) ormay be fitted at the time of manufacture of the board cover 600. ThesrPP panels 740 provide a high-strength layer or barrier, whicheffectively protects the board from damage.

The features of the board cover of FIG. 10A may be applied to covers forother types of hobby equipment.

FIG. 10B shows a case or cover for sports equipment includinginterchangeable rail sections or side panels. In this particularexample, the case may be for sports boards, but a similar configurationof case could be used for cases for other types of equipment.

FIG. 10B(a) shows a first ‘bottom’ panel 750 of the case. FIGS. 10B(b),(c) and (d) each show different interchangeable side panels 752, 754,756 of different sizes. FIG. 10B(e) shows a ‘top’ panel 758. The outeredges of each of the top and bottom panel comprise zips 760, arrangedaround the full perimeter or circumferential edge of each of the top andbottom panels. These zips can connect with zips 762 at the top andbottom edge of each of the interchangeable side panels 752, 754, 756.Zipping together the top 758 and bottom 750 panel with the selectedinterchangeable side panel 752, 754, 756 forms the case or cover, havingan inner cavity therein. A perspective view of the cover or case havingall of the top 758, bottom 750 and at least one of the side panels 756joined is shown as FIG. 10C.

Use of the interchangeable side panels or rail sections 752, 754, 756allows the user to change the depth of the bag and its internal cavity,so that a different number of items, or a different size of item can beplaced within. In the particular example of a board bag shown in FIG.10B, the user can choose the depth of side panel or rail band 752, 754,756 for the particular amount of boards to be packed within the case,i.e. 2, 4, 6 boards. It will be understood that more than oneinterchangeable side panel 752, 754, 756 could be used in conjunctionwith the top 758 and bottom 750 panels.

Each of the top 758, bottom 750 and side 752, 754, 756 panels maycomprise a combination of ePP or srPP. Although to provide the mostrobust protection all of the panels will be formed using the superiorcombination of srPP and ePP, some of the panels may not contain thesematerials (for example, to save weight, or costs). Use of theinterchangeable side panels or rail sections 752, 754, 756 also allowsthe user to choose how much protection they require around the contents,and how much money the user is willing to spend on selecting an ePP andsrPP top, bottom and side rails, or any combination of these. Forexample, this allows the user to mix up the different types of panel tosave weight and only protect where they feels the items within the case(such as sports boards) are vulnerable.

A number of additional, optional features can also be seen within thecase, cover or bag of FIG. 10B and/or FIG. 10C. For example, softhandles 774 are provided for aiding the user to carry the case. Velcrolocating straps 764 may be placed on the rear and underside, to attachremovable wheels to the bag. A removable shoulder strap 766 is providedto attach to buckles 768 at the bag. Furthermore, lifting buckles 770may be provided at the side of the bag, for attaching additional straps.Reinforcing sections 772 may be arranged at the interchangeable sidepanels.

Vents (not shown) may also be embedded into the panels, to allowmoisture to be released from within the cavity of the bag. In furtherexamples, straps (not shown) may be provided around the bag, with loopsat the outer surface of the panels to retain said straps. Furthermore,an opening may be arranged at one end of the bag, to allow an easieraccess to the inner cavity. For example, in the example shown, a zippedopening ca be provided at the nose or tail of the board bag. Within thebag, dividers may be provided, or additional padding can be arranged toprotect certain areas of the bag (for instance, to protect the morevulnerable nose and tip of a sports board, when the case is a boardbag).

Use of a Combination of Materials

In a particular example, it is particularly advantageous to use acombination of polypropylene materials within a case, bag, box orpackaging item. For example, a combination of srPP and ePP may be used.Such combinations of material can give superior protection for fragileitems such as sports equipment, hobby equipment, fragile industrialequipment, medical equipment and consumer delivery operations. Forinstance, the described combination of materials may be more robust butlightweight than alternative construction materials previously used forsuch packaging products and that are currently available to theconsumer.

FIG. 11 shows a cross-sectional view of a portion of a case 1100comprising an inner portion formed of srPP 1110 and an outer layerformed of ePP 1120. The inner portion 1110 is shaped to define a cavity1130. The cavity 1130 is shaped to receive part or a portion of an item,in this case a piece of sports equipment, such as a sports board. Theouter layer 1120 is arranged around or surrounding the inner portion1110.

In the example of FIG. 11, the cross-section shows only a portion of thecase. In the example of FIG. 11, a similar construction of materialswould extend around the whole of the item (in this case a sports board).In this way, the inner portion, outer layer and the case overallencloses the sports board. However, in an alternative, the portion ofthe case shown in FIG. 11 could be combined with a fabric, cloth or caseof other materials in other regions of the case, so that the illustratedportion covers only the nose of a sports board (for example). In thisway, a cover can be constructed that includes sections of srPP outer andePP inner to cover or protect only the most delicate parts of the item,incorporated into a case having a more common structure.

The example of FIG. 11 further comprises a lining layer 1140. The lininglayer 1140 is arranged in the inner surface of the inner portion 1110,so as to line the wall of the cavity 1130. The lining layer 1140provides an extra level of protection or cushioning to an item withinthe cavity 1130. It may also prevent scratching of the surface of theitem, for example. The lining layer 1140 may be fabric or felt oranother soft layer. Although a lining layer 1140 is shown in FIG. 11, itwill be understood that the lining layer may not be present in someexamples.

The self-reinforcing material srPP is particularly advantageous for usewithin the manufacture of cases, bags or enclosures for transportation,storage and packaging more generally. This is because srPP successfullydisperses the energy of impacts at its surface. In particular, throughthe reinforcing fibres the energy can be dispersed across a larger areaand potentially through the whole srPP panel. Therefore, not only is theenergy from impacts dispersed through the ePP inner portion, but alsoacross the srPP material.

Testing on a case comprising a srPP outer layer and an ePP inner layerhas shown good results for robustness under impact. The claimedcombination of materials has been shown to withstand damage around eighttimes more effectively than use of standard bags using ethyl vinylacetate (EVA). This is as a result of the combination of materials inparticular. However, introduction of ePP in place of EVA alone appearsto show three times more improvement in damage resistance.

FIG. 12 shows a cross-section of an example portion of a case 1400. Thecase portion includes a plurality of layers. An outer layer 1120comprises a robust outer shell. For example, the outer layer 1120 iscomprised of self-reinforcing PolyPropylene (srPP) or another reinforcedmaterial. The outer layer 1120 is designed to be high-strength, and yetbe lightweight and as thin as possible.

Within the cavity of the outer shell 1120, at least one resilient layeris provided to form an inner portion 1110. In the example of FIG. 4, theinner layers include a dense foam layer 1432, together with a mediumresilience foam layer 1434 and a softer and more compressible innerwadding material layer 1436. The innermost material layer 1436 ismalleable and conformable to the shape of the item 1438 held within thecase. As such, the inner layers 1432, 1434, 1436 cushion and hold theboard in place. At least one of the dense foam layer 1432 or the mediumresilience foam layer 1434 comprise ePP, although is some examples boththese layers are formed of ePP having different densities. The innermostlayer 1436 may also be a low density, compressible ePP. A lining layercould also be used (not shown).

Although the srPP is considered within this embodiment as forming alayer outside of (or to cover an outer surface of) the ePP layer, thesrPP layer could be used to form a layer inside of (or within) the ePPlayer. Furthermore, an srPP layer could be arranged between two or morelayers of the ePP material.

Method of Manufacturing a Packaging Article Including srPP and ePP

The case may be manufactured by bonding the srPP outer layer 1120 andthe ePP inner portion 1110 in a number of ways.

In a particular example illustrated in FIG. 13, the srPP outer layer1120 and the ePP inner portion 1110 are loosely coupled and then sewntogether. In this way, each stitch 1210 is applied through the innerportion and the outer layer. Advantageously, the reinforcing fibres ofsrPP of the outer layer 1120 are not interwoven in the same way as someother types of reinforced materials, so SRPP can be stitched throughwithout the thread pulling or damaging the reinforcing fibres.

In a similar method, rivets or staples could be used to connect togetherthe srPP outer layer and ePP inner portion. This method has the samebenefits as described above in relation to stitching. In particular, thesrPP material is particular suitable for techniques in which a fasteneror bonding element is inserted through the material layers. This isbecause, unlike most other reinforced materials, the reinforcing fibresdo not become damaged or pulled out of shape during the process ofstitching, riveting or stapling. The ePP inner portion and srPP outerlayer may also be glued together, by application of an adhesive layertherebetween.

Methods using sewing, riveting and stapling allows formation of complexshapes for the case. A plurality of layers of ePP or layers of othermaterial may also be incorporated into the walls of the case using thismanufacturing technique. It also avoids the requirement for costly andpre-made moulds for manufacture of the claimed case.

FIG. 14 shows an alternative for the method of manufacture of the case.In this example, the inner portion and the outer layer are thermoformedin moulds 1320 as separate parts, allowing manufacture of complexshapes. The inner portion 1110 and the outer layer 1120 are then bondedusing an adhesive layer 1310. In some cases, it may not be necessary touse an adhesive layer 1310 when thermoforming the inner portion 1110 andouter layer 1120, as the bonding may be accomplished through acompression fitting. Using this method, a rigid or semi rigid shape forthe case can be formed.

FIG. 15 shows a further alternative for the method of manufacture of thecase. In this example, the materials are shaped in a mould 1320 andbonded together under pressure and heat. This creates a thermal bond, inorder to bond the inner portion 1110 and outer layer 1120. Such a methodof manufacture may result in combination material sheets or complexshapes in thicknesses of between 8 and 50 mm. This could be used to forman encapsulating box or case for protecting the goods or items containedtherein.

Many combinations, modifications or alterations to the features of theabove embodiments will be readily apparent to the skilled person and areintended to form part of the invention.

As will be understood by the person skilled in the art, FIGS. 9 to 15show only a limited number of layers. However, the case may includefurther layers, either intervening the srPP and ePP layer, or outsidethe outer srPP layer. Nevertheless, a ePP layer will always be arranged‘within’ the outer layer, such that the srPP provides protection to theoutermost surface of the ePP inner portion.

In some embodiments, the ePP inner portion may comprise multiple layers,each having different thickness and density. In one example, the ePPoutermost layer of the plurality of layers has a greater density thatthe next adjacent ePP layer, with the innermost ePP layer having thelowest density. This provides protection and cushioning to the itemwithin the case, so that the outermost ePP layers provides greaterrigidity, resilience and protection than the innermost ePP layer, butthat the innermost ePP layer provides less resilience and so greatercushioning to the item. The plurality of layers may be bonded togetherusing riveting, sewing, stapling, and adhesive layer or a thermal bond,in the manner described above.

In other examples, the complete case made according to the constructiondescribed above also comprising an opening. The opening provides accessto the cavity within the inner portion, and allows insertion or removalof the item within the case. The opening may be closable by any type offastening. In particular examples, the fastener may be a zip or Velcro.

Furthermore, any of the concave portions, shell portions or enclosuresdescribed above in relation to the adjustable bags shown in FIGS. 1 to 8can be formed according to the combination of materials using ePP andsrPP, as described above in relation to FIGS. 9 to 15.

A Further Example of an Adjustable Case or Cover

FIG. 16 shows a simplified, cross-sectional view of the case. Inparticular, the example of FIG. 16 shows four portions or parts. Thefirst 1200 and second 1400 portion together form a first telescopingenclosure section 1600. The third 1800 and fourth 2000 portion togetherform a second telescoping enclosures section 2200.

The first and second portions each have an inner face that is recessed,so as to form a cavity. The cavity may be considered a recess in theinner face, having a closed face at one end of the recess and an openend at the opposite end of the recess. The first and second portions arearranged so that their open ends overlap, with both inner faces arrangedin parallel (although displaced with respect to the other) and facing ina common direction. In this way, an amount of the first portion isreceiving within the cavity of the second portion. This arrangementcreates the telescoping characteristic of the first telescopingenclosure section, as changing the amount of overlap between the firstand second portion, or changing the amount by which the first portion isreceived within the second portion, changes the dimension of the firsttelescoping enclosure section and the volume therein. In particular, thetelescoping nature of the first telescoping enclosure section wouldchange the length of the section and volume of the cavity therein.

The third and fourth portion has a similar configuration to the firstand second portion described above. The third and fourth portion arearranged to overlap so as to form the second telescoping enclosuresection. To form the case, the first and second telescoping enclosuresections are arranged so that the inner faces of the first and third,and second and fourth portions face each other. In this way, thecavities within each of the four portions join to create an inner cavityfor containing goods. The size and dimensions of the inner volume can bechanged by adjusting the telescoping enclosure sections.

FIG. 17A shows a particular example of a fastening mechanism that can beused between the first 1200 and second 1400 portion and/or the third1800 and fourth 2000 portion to secure the first portion 1200 relativeto the second portion 1400, and/or the third portion 1800 relative tothe fourth portion 2000. In this case, protrusions 2800 are formed onthe inner surface of the second 1400 and fourth 2000 portions, which arearranged to fit into or cooperate with recesses 3000 at the first 1200and third 1800 portions, respectively. As can be seen from FIG. 17A,many recesses 3000 are provided at the first and third portions, whichallows the relative arrangement of the first 1200 and second 1400, andthe third 1800 and fourth 2000 portions respectively, providing thetelescoping characteristic of each telescoping enclosure section.

The protrusions 2800 and recesses 3000 of FIG. 17A may be dowels andreceiving holes, or may be ridges and valleys, or any other type ofshapes designed to cooperate and fit together. The protrusions 2800 andrecesses 3000 may fit together closely, so as to provide a compressionfastening or ‘push-fit’ between the first 1200 and second 1400 portionand the third 1800 and fourth 2000 portion. Moreover, although in thiscase the protrusions are shown on the second 1400 and fourth 2000portions and the recesses on the first 1200 and third 1800 portions, theprotrusions could be arranged on the first 1200 and third 1800 portionsso as to cooperate with recesses on the second 1400 and fourth 2000portions.

Although protrusions and recesses are shown as suitable fasteningmechanisms, other fastening mechanisms could be used to secure the firstand second portion, or the third and fourth portion relative to eachother. For example, the protrusions could be replaced by strips ofVelcro, configured to mate with cooperating strips of Velcro arranged inthe place of the recesses shown in FIG. 17A. Alternatively, buckles orzips could be used.

FIG. 17A also shows protrusions and recesses 3200 in the walls of thefirst and third portions respectively. In particular, a protrusion isarranged in the edge of the wall of the first portion and a recess isarranged at the opposing edge of the wall of the third portion. Theprotrusion and recesses 3200 can cooperate and can fit together toprovide a compression fitting between the first and third parts.

Protrusions and recesses 3200 can also be arranged at the equivalentedges of the fourth and second portions. In this way the second andfourth portions can be arranged to couple together. When the protrusionsof the first and second portion are arranged to fit within the recessesat the edges of the third and fourth portion, then the first and secondtelescoping enclosure sections are coupled.

FIG. 17B shows a further example of a fastening used to couple the firsttelescoping enclosure portion and the second telescoping enclosuresection. FIG. 17B(a) shows a perspective view of the case, and FIG.17B(b) shows a cross-sectional view. In this figure the cross-section ofFIG. 17B(b) is perpendicular to the cross-section through the case thatis shown in FIG. 17A.

In FIG. 17B(a) and FIG. 17B(b) it can be seen that a C-clip 2010 isfitted around two portions of the case, which each comprise part of thefirst 1600 and second 2200 telescoping enclosure section. The C-clip2010 can be pushed to fit around the sides of the portions of the first1600 and second 2200 telescoping enclosure sections to hold the portionstogether. Protrusions 2030 at the C-clip 2010 are arranged to fit intochannels 2020 located on the outer surface of each of the portions ofthe first 1600 and second 2200 enclosure portions. The C-clip 2010 maybe slightly resilient, so as to bend slightly during removal andplacement of the clip.

A simple example of the case can be seen at FIG. 18. FIG. 18 shows a 3DCAD drawing of the first telescoping enclosure section 1600 of the caseaccording to the invention. A sports board 3001 is shown within thecavity of the first telescoping enclosure section.

In FIG. 18, the ‘A’ shell represents the second portion 1400 of thefirst telescoping enclosure section, and the ‘B’ shell represents thefirst portion 1200 of the first telescoping enclosure section. A similararrangement forms the second telescoping enclosure section (not shown).

It can be seen that in the arrangement of the first telescopingenclosure section the ‘B’ shell could be changed so that the extent ofoverlap between the ‘A’ shell and the ‘B’ shell is further increased, inorder to reduce the size of the cavity. Alternatively, the ‘A’ shell andthe ‘B’ shell could be moved further apart, so as to reduce the size ofthe cavity. In this way, the size of the cavity is easily adjustable.

Protrusions and recesses 3200 for coupling the first and secondtelescoping enclosure section can also be seen in FIG. 18.

A first and second telescoping enclosure section as shown in FIG. 18 canbe joined to enclose, as shown in FIG. 19, a cavity 4000 for containinggoods. As can be seen in FIG. 4, the inner faces of the firsttelescoping enclosure section 1600 and the second telescoping enclosuresection 2200 face each other. The first telescoping enclosure section1600 and the second telescoping enclosure section 2200 are boughttogether, until the inner cavity 4000 is enclosed. The dimensions of theinner cavity 4000 can be changed by moving apart the first portion 1200with respect to the second portion 1400, and the third portion 1800 withrespect to the fourth portion 2000.

FIG. 20 shows the first telescoping enclosure section 1600 spaced apartfrom the second telescoping enclosure section 2200, prior to joining toform the inner cavity. The case illustrated in FIG. 20 shows an exampleof the protrusions and recesses 3200 at the opposing faces of the first1600 and second 2200 telescoping enclosure sections. When the first 1600and second 2200 telescoping enclosure sections are joined to close theinner cavity, said protrusions and recesses 3200 can be connectedtogether in order to fasten, couple or join the first 1600 and second2200 telescoping enclosure sections. Said protrusions and recesses 3200can be pushed together to give a compression fitting, so as to securelyfasten the first telescoping enclosure section 1600 to the secondtelescoping enclosure section 2200.

FIG. 21 shows a cross-section through the case containing a sportsboard. In particular, FIG. 21 shows a cross-section through the second1400 and fourth portion 2000. It can be seen that both the second 1400and fourth 2000 portion consist of at least two layers. An outer layer6200 is made from a more rigid and robust material. An inner layer 6400is comprised of a softer or more resilient material, in order to cushionor hold the items within the inner cavity 4000.

FIG. 22 shows a simplified, cross-sectional view of a case according tothe invention, wherein the first telescoping enclosure section 1600comprises a fifth portion 2400, and the second telescoping enclosuresection 2200 comprises a sixth portion 2600. Considering the firsttelescoping enclosure section 1600, the fifth portion 2400 has an innersurface, in which is defined a cavity. The fifth portion 2400 partlyoverlaps with the second portion 1400, so as to be partially received bythe cavity of the second portion 1400. In this way, the second portion1400 is arranged ‘outside’ the first 1200 and fifth 2400 portions.

The fifth portion 2400 cooperates with the second portion 1400 so as totelescope. In other words, moving the second portion 1400 relative tothe fifth portion 2400 causes the length of the first telescopingenclosure section 1600 and the inner cavity to change dimensions.Increasing the overlap between the second 1400 and fifth portion 2400,for example, will decrease the length of the first telescoping enclosuresection 1600 and therefore the dimension of the inner cavity. Note thatthe first telescoping enclosure section 1600 is formed from each of thefirst 1200, second 1400 and fifth 2400 portions, and that the dimensionsof the inner cavity can be changed by adjusting the overlap of the first1200 and second 1400 portion and/or the second 1400 and fifth 2400portion.

The second telescoping enclosure section 2200 of FIG. 22 comprises thethird 1800, fourth 2000 and sixth 2600 portion, which are equivalent tothe first 1200, second 1400 and fifth 2400 portion of the firsttelescoping enclosure section 1600. The sixth portion 2600 has an innersurface defining a cavity, and is arranged to overlap the fourth portion2000, such that the sixth portion 2600 is partially received within thecavity of the fourth portion 2000. The amount by which the third 1800and sixth 2600 portions overlap with or are received within the fourthportion 2000 define the dimensions of the second telescoping enclosuresection 2200 and the inner cavity. By adjusting the third 1800 and sixth2600 portion relative to the fourth portion 2000, the telescoping natureof the second telescoping enclosure section 2200 is established.

As will be understood by the skilled person, the arrangement of thefirst, second and fifth portion of the first telescoping enclosuresection, and the third, fourth and sixth portion of the secondtelescoping enclosure section could be inverted. In other words, thefirst telescoping enclosure section could be arranged so that the firstand fifth portions overlap opposing ends of the second portion, but sothat the first and second portions are arranged on the ‘outside’. Inother words, in this configuration the second portion would be receivedwithin the cavity of the first portion, as well as within the cavity ofthe fifth portion. Similar alternative arrangements of the third, fourthand sixth portions can be configured to form the second telescopingenclosure section. In FIG. 23, for example, the case at the bottom ofthe stack shows this configuration of the first 8200, second 8400, third8600, fourth 8800, fifth 9000 and sixth 9200 portion.

In a further alternative, the second portion may overlap the first andfifth portion, such that the first portion is received within the cavityof the second portion, and the second portion is receive within thecavity of the fifth portion. Similar alternative arrangements of thethird, fourth and sixth portions can be configured to form the secondtelescoping enclosure section.

FIG. 23 also shows spacers 8001 arranged on the telescoping enclosuresections. These fill the space caused by overlap of the first and secondportions, for example, or the third and fourth portions when the casesare stacked. This helps the cases to stack for transportation withoutunnecessary strain on the case.

FIG. 24 shows an alternative example of the stacked cases. It can beseen that protrusions and recesses at the outer surface of the first andsecond telescoping enclosure sections of the case can interlock. Thishelps the stability of the cases during transportation. In particular,the outer surfaces of the portions forming the first and secondtelescoping enclosure sections of a first case are shaped so as tointerlock with shaping on the outer surfaces of a telescoping enclosuresection of a case stacked on top. FIG. 23 also shows variousarrangements for a stack of the cases of the claimed invention.

FIG. 25 illustrates further examples of the extendable case of thepresent invention having a first and second telescoping enclosuresection. In this case, the first portion 8200 overlaps with the secondportion 8600, and the fifth portion 9000 overlaps with the secondportion 8600, such that the second portion 8600 is received within thecavity of each of the first 8200 and fifth 9000 portions. Movement ofthe first 8200 and fifth 9000 portions relative to the second portion8600 causes a change in the length of the case.

As demonstrated in FIG. 25, a case can be formed using any number ofportions, so that each portion (type A or B) overlaps to received (typeB), or to be received by (type A) each other portion. In this way, acase can be formed of any number of modular parts to suit the dimensionsrequired by the user. For example, Diagram I shows a case having a firsttelescoping enclosure section formed of a first and second portion asdiscussed above in relation to FIG. 16. Diagram II shows a case having afirst telescoping enclosure section formed of a first, second and fifthportion as discussed above in relation to FIG. 23. Diagram III shows acase having a first telescoping enclosure section formed of a first,second, fifth and seventh portion, which each overlap to be telescoping,and so as to provide an adjustable volume for the defined inner cavity.In this case, the second telescoping enclosure section would comprise athird, fourth, sixth and eighth portion.

FIG. 25 further illustrates the push fit protrusions and recesses 3200at the edge of the first telescoping enclosure section and secondtelescoping enclosure section, as discussed above in relation to FIGS.17A and 20. FIG. 25 also shows ridges or surface formations on the innersurface of the telescoping enclosure section, which can be used to holdan item within the inner cavity securely in place.

FIG. 25 further shows an example of a removable end piece 1020 for aportion of the telescoping enclosure section. An end portion of thetelescoping enclosure section (such as a first or fifth portion) mayhave a semi-closed end 1040 to the open cavity, at the opposite end ofthe cavity from the region overlapping another portion. In a particularexample, the semi-closed end 1040 may be removable, for easy removal orretrieval of goods within the inner cavity. In the event that case isnot intended for further re-use, the removable end piece 1020 could besnapped off, or cut off, and a guide line 1060 could be provided toassist in such a purpose.

FIG. 26 shows various configurations for stacks of cases according tothe claimed invention, in a similar manner to those shown in FIG. 24.Various fastening mechanisms can be used to couple stacks of the cases.For example, a strap 1100 could be used to hold the stack of casesfirmly together. In an alternative, Velcro strips 1120 could be used onthe outer surface of the telescoping enclosure sections of each case,which, when coupled hold the stack of cases firmly in place. In afurther, preferred alternative protrusions and recesses 1240 can beformed on the outer surface of the telescoping enclosure sections, whichcan engage and cooperate to hold the stack of cases in place. In oneexample, rods or bumps 1140 can be formed on the outer surface of thetelescoping enclosure section, which, when the cases are stacked,interlock with holes 1160 at the outer surface of another telescopingenclosure section. In a second example, the protrusions and recesses areformed by ridges 1180 at an outer surface of the telescoping enclosuresection, which fit into cooperating valleys 1201 in the outer surface ofa telescoping enclosure section of another case. The protrusions mayhave many various shapes, for example with different cross-sections1220.

FIG. 27 shows a further example, in which the first 1260, second 1280,third 1300 and fourth 1320 portions all overlap, in order to provide acase that can adjust in both length and width. Dimensions shown in FIG.27 are for illustrative purposes only. Snap in panels could be used tocover the adjustable portion 1340 of the case, especially if these wouldotherwise be open and leave the goods within the cavity of the caseexposed. As illustrated at FIGS. 27, 28 and 29, various arrangements forthe first, second, third and fourth portions of the telescopingenclosure sections, as well as for the protrusions and recesses at theoverlapping regions of the first and second, and the third and fourthportion of the telescoping enclosure sections can be envisaged.

FIG. 30 shows a further example of a partly disassembled case accordingto the present invention. In this case, the second 8600 and fourth 1860portion of the first and second telescoping enclosure sections,respectively, overlap with the first 8200 and fifth 9000, and the third182 and sixth (not shown) portion respectively. The portions overlap sothat the second 8600 and fourth 1860 portions are received,respectively, within the cavity of the first 8200 and fifth 9000 or thethird 1820 and sixth 1900 portions. The case is shown in asemi-deconstructed configuration, wherein the fifth 9000 portion is notfitted into place. The sixth portion is not shown. FIG. 30 furtherdemonstrates protrusions and recesses 1240 for keeping the portions inposition relative to their respective overlapping portions.

FIG. 31 shows a configuration for the first and second telescopingenclosure section including a number of additional portions. The skilledperson will appreciate that the modular nature of the case as describedallows the case to be further extended by adding additional overlapping,telescoping portions. In this way, the dimensions of the inner cavityare further extendible.

FIG. 32 shows an example of the described case including expansionsections 1700. In this example, the expansion sections 1700 compriseadditional spacers included within the walls of the case between thefirst 8200 and third 1820 portion of the first and second telescopingenclosure sections, as well as between the second 8600 and fourth 1860portion of the first and second telescoping enclosure sections. Afurther spacer is included between the fifth 9000 and sixth 1900 portionof the first and second telescoping enclosure section. In this way, thedepth of the cavity within the case can be adjusted, as well as thelength (which is adjustable using the telescoping mechanism). Thedimensions of the expansion section may be selected to provide an innercavity having a specific size. For example, the expansion section may beused to provide an inner cavity that tightly fits multiple sportsboards, securely and without additional packaging.

The expansion section may be formed of one piece. In the example of FIG.32, the expansion section is formed of a number of segments. Examples ofthe expansion sections 1700 are shown removed from the assembled case assegments ‘C and ‘D’. Segment ‘C’ is configured to be inserted betweenthe second 8600 and fourth 1860 portion, for example. Segment ‘D’ isconfigured to be inserted between the fifth 9000 and sixth 1900 portion,for example.

FIGS. 33 to 39 each represent further examples and aspects of thedescribed case. In particular, FIG. 33 shows the case in an assembledform, wherein the first telescoping enclosure section comprises threeparts (a first 8200, second 8600 and fifth 9000 portion) and the secondtelescoping enclosure section comprises three parts (a third 1820,fourth 1860 and sixth 1900 portion).

FIG. 34 shows the case of FIG. 33 having the telescoping enclosuresections in two different configurations. The configuration of FIG.34(a) shows the first 8200 and third 1820, and the fifth 9000 and sixth1900 portions arranged so that the minimum possible overlap to therespective second 8600 and fourth 1860 portions are provided. Thisprovides the maximum length of the case, and the maximum length for theinner cavity. The configuration of FIG. 34(b) shows the first 8200 andthird 1820, and the fifth 9000 and sixth 1900 portions arranged so thatthe maximum possible overlap to the second 8600 and fourth 1860 portionsare provided. This provides the minimum length of the case, and theminimum length for the inner cavity.

An example of the protrusions 2280 and depressions 2300 holding eachportion of the telescoping enclosure sections together can be seen atFIG. 35. It can be seen that ridges 2280 on the second portion 1860 fitinto recesses 2300 at the fifth portion 9000. The fifth portion 9000contains many recesses, so the length of the cavity can be adjusted bysliding the fifth portion 9000 so as to increase its overlap with thesecond portion 8600. Similar ridges and recesses would be present oneach of the portions of the case. The ridges and recesses 2300 withinthe closed cavity formed by the coupling of the fifth 9000 and sixth1900 portion, for instance, can also be seen in FIG. 36.

Ideally, the case contains a first and second telescoping enclosuresections that can comprise any number of portions. For instance, FIG. 37shows each of the first 1600 and second 2200 telescoping enclosuresections having three overlapping portions. This results in thedimensions of the cavity within the case being highly adjustable. Inparticular, FIG. 37 illustrates a cross-section through the case,wherein the first telescoping enclosure section 1600 comprises a secondportion 8600, which overlaps with both a first 8200 and fifth 9000portion to define an open cavity (as shown in FIG. 38). The secondtelescoping enclosure section 2200 comprises a fourth portion 1860,arranged to overlap with a third 1820 and sixth 1900 portion so as toprovide an open cavity. The first 1600 and second 1600 telescopingenclosure sections are then coupled together in FIG. 38 (so that theinner faces of each telescoping enclosure section face each other), inorder to enclose an inner cavity. FIG. 39 shows an exploded, partdisassembled view of the portions of the case described in relation toFIG. 37.

FIG. 40 shows a further configuration for a stack of cases. In thisconfiguration, the first 1200, 1400 and second 1800, 2000 telescopingenclosure sections are arranged so that the inner faces of each portion1200, 1400, 1800, 2000 face in the same direction, and the cavitiesdefined by the first 1200, 1400 and second 1800, 2000 telescopingenclosure section do not couple, but instead stack. This configurationmay be beneficial to carry bulk numbers of goods, each individuallyprotected in a telescoping portion. In particular, this configurationreduces the packaging material required per item.

FIG. 41 shows a still further configuration for the case. In this case,the second telescoping enclosure section 1800, 2000 does not define aninner cavity, but is instead a relatively flat lid or cover for thecavity defined by the first telescoping enclosure section 1200, 1400.The second telescoping enclosure section 1800, 2000 is arranged to closethe open cavity defined within the first telescoping enclosure section1200, 1400.

Almost any width or length of case could be formed using the describedinvention. The dimensions of the case can be adjusted, for instance toaccommodate different sports equipment. In a particular example, thecase could be used to accommodate different kiteboards, snowboards,skis, surfboards, windsurfer boards or stand-up paddle boards. However,any type of goods could be contained within the case.

Any choice of materials could be used to manufacture the case. Forinstance, the first and second telescoping enclosure sections may beformed of expanded polystyrene (ePS). This could allow the case to bereusable for a small number of uses (for instance, up to five uses). Formore prolonged use (such as professional sportsmen travelling often andtransporting their own equipment) expanded polypropylene (ePP) could beused. This would allow many re-uses of the case. The portions could bemanufactured using appropriate moulding techniques.

In particular examples, each portion of the first and second telescopingenclosure sections will comprise various layers. For example, the innerlayer may be soft and resilient, whereas the outermost layer may be morerobust and resistant to damage. The first and second telescopingenclosure sections may comprise reinforced composite, such asself-reinforced polypropylene (srPP). For instance, the portions mayhave layered structures as described above with reference to FIG. 11 or12.

FIG. 42 shows examples of retainers used within the case. FIG. 42(a)shows a cross-sectional view of a portion 1200 of a telescopingenclosure portion, with an item 3001 placed within the open cavity. Lugs2801 are formed at the inner surface of the portion 1200, lining thewall of the inner cavity. The lugs 2801 protrude from the inner surfaceof the portion. The item 3001 can be arranged to fit between the lugs2801, so that the lugs 2801 are laterally compressed around the shape ofthe item. In this way, the lugs 2801 retain the item in place andprevent movement of the item within the case.

Upon first use, the lugs 2801 may be provided across the inner surfacesof each portion of the first and second telescoping enclosure portions.The lugs 2801 may be evenly spaced or spread across the inner surface ofthe telescoping enclosure portions, or may be arranged in higherconcentration at some areas of the surface (for example, toward theedges). FIG. 42(b) shows a perspective image of a portion 1200 of atelescoping enclosure portion. The inner surface comprises a number oflugs 2801. Particular lugs may be removed (or ‘snapped-off’) by the userof the box, in order to provide an arrangement of lugs 2801 that mostclosely fits the shape of a particular item to be stored or carried inthe case.

FIG. 43 shows an alternative example for the retainers. FIG. 43(a) showsa cross-section through a portion 1200 of a telescoping enclosuresection. In this example, wedges 2851 (for instance, comprised of foam)can be placed between the walls of the cavity within the portion 1200 ofthe telescoping enclosure portion and the item 3001. The wedges 2851 canbe held in place around the item 3001 by location of each wedge into achannel formed at the walls of the cavity. The channel may be formed toprovide a lip 2861 at the upper rim of the cavity defined by the portion1200. The wedges 2851 are appropriately sized to fit tightly into anygap between the item and the walls of the cavity, in order to avoidlateral movement of the item within the case.

FIG. 43(b) shows a perspective view of a portion 1200 of the case havingan item 3001 (in this case a sports board) arranged therein. Here, thewedges 2851 can be arranged to fit into vertical channels 2871 formed atthe walls of the cavity defined by the portion 1200. The number and sizeof wedges 2851 can be selected by the user to firmly hold the itemwithin the box into place.

As the skilled person will appreciate, any number of combinations of thedescribed and illustrated features may be used. The case may take anyshape or dimension.

Further Description of the Invention with Respect to Examples of FIGS.18 to 21 & 23 to 24

The invention aims to develop a flexible packaging system. This systemis to allow the best protection for goods in transit using foam “clamshells”. The shells will be broken down into smaller parts that fittogether to form a complete case. Here, a particular embodiment of theinvention is discussed with reference to FIGS. 18 to 21 and 23 to 24.This embodiment considers a case or packaging for the particular exampleof a surfboard, although other goods could be used.

The range of surfboard sizes mean that several clam shell components maybe needed to allow for any given length. The claimed solution requiresthe minimum number of standard components with maximum protection andease of assembly.

Beneficially, the claimed system also allows several packaged boards tobe assembled together into a robust single unit to maximize theprotection of each board.

Description

The clam shell system or case may be made up of only two main components(A & B, as shown in FIG. 18), where one can slide within the other toallow for different board lengths. The clam shell principal is that twoidentical halves push together or clip together, to form a completeenclosure for the board. With this product there will be features on themating faces of the clam shell halves that hold the halves together byfriction (such as a force fit) or it may be that a fastener device couldbe introduced to hold the halves together. In an example, one of theclam shells (B) can have a break-off closed end so that is can be usedas in intermediary part with two sets of the other parts (A), at eitherend to provide an extended length.

The two clam shells have interlocking features such as bosses and holes,which are arranged so that, as they are assembled together, each maleand female feature will mate with the other corresponding half.

If several boards are to be shipped together, stacked on top of eachother and because the two components, A and B are different thicknesses(because one slides inside the other), it may be necessary to introducean additional flat component (such as a spacer) to fill the gaps andkeep the “stack” stable.

The current proposed system suggests that, where several packs areshipped together, they are held together with a strap system. Featurescan be included to locate the straps, to prevent movement and toposition the straps in the best areas for support. Also features on theouter surfaces of the packaging could interlock with the other packs tokeep the stack stable.

Requirements or preferable features for the system or case are:

1.1.1. One clam shell pair must “slide” within the other to provide arange of lengths

1.1.2. Features such as bosses and holes will be used to lock the partstogether

1.1.3. The internal size of the packaging will assume a common boardwidth of 23″

1.1.4. The minimum width of the foam on the sides of the boards will be25 mm

1.1.5. The minimum width of the foam at the end of the boards will be 50mm

1.1.6. The minimum width of the foam at the top and bottom will be 20 mm

1.1.7. The cases will be stackable

1.1.8. An additional component may be required to fill gaps betweenpackaging

1.1.9. Materials: Urethane foam, ePP, ePS-TBA

1.1.10. The cases may be recyclable.

1.1.11. The cases could be returnable.

1.1.12. Features may be provided inside the packaging to fill airspacecreated around the goods within the cavity.

1.1.13. There may be provision for particular board parts such as thefins.

1.1.14. Materials can be used to maintain a stable temperature for goodswithin the case.

Design/Manufacturing Options

The clam shell or case components can be made from a ridged urethanefoam but the finish and density will have a bearing on the overall shapeand wall thickness. If the finished packaging is to be very rigid, usingdense, heavy foam, to support the vulnerable rails and the thin nose andtail of the surfboard, for example, consideration must be given foradditional foam support within the clam shells. This may be a softer orspringy foam to allow the board to move slightly within the packaging toabsorb shocks and allow for external damage to the foam clam shells.Using a dense heavy foam will increase weight and may increase costs.

If, on the other hand, a less dense and more compliant foam is used, thepackaging may offer more impact protection but in general the structuremay be somewhat weakened and leave the outward appearance prone tosurface damage.

If recycling is an issue and/or if the packaging is to be returnable forre-use, then maintaining a good external shape will be important. Thedesign of any interlocking features, both between clam shell halves andbetween packaged boards will be driven by the strength of the foam usedand by the need to reuse components.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A transportable case for containingequipment during transportation or storage, comprising: an innerportion, formed of expanded polypropylene (ePP), defining a cavity forreceiving at least part of the equipment; and an outer layer, formed ofself-reinforcing polypropylene (srPP), arranged to cover at least art ofan outer surface of the inner portion.
 2. The transportable case ofclaim 1, wherein the outer layer formed of srPP comprises a plurality ofthermoformed, compressed layers.
 3. The transportable case of claim 1,wherein the inner portion is formed by molding the ePP material.
 4. Thetransportable case of claim 1, wherein at least a part of the innerportion and the outer layer are bonded together by at least onefastening mechanism selected from the group comprising: stitches,rivets, or staples.
 5. The transportable case of claim 1, wherein atleast a part of the inner portion and the outer layer are bondedtogether by at least one fastening mechanism selected from the groupcomprising: an adhesive layer, a thermal bond, a compression fitting. 6.The transportable case of claim 1, further comprising a closable openingto the cavity.
 7. The transportable case of claim 1, wherein the case isa hard case or a soft case, a cover, a bag or a box.
 8. Thetransportable case of claim 1, wherein the inner portion comprises aplurality of layers of ePP.
 9. The transportable case of claim 8,wherein a first layer of the plurality of layers of ePP has a higherdensity than a second layer of the plurality of layers of ePP.
 10. Amethod for manufacturing a transportable case for containing equipmentduring transportation or storage, comprising: forming an inner portionof expanded polypropylene (ePP), defining a cavity for receiving atleast part of the equipment; and forming an outer layer ofself-reinforcing polypropylene (srPP), arranged to cover at least partof an outer surface of the inner portion.
 11. The method of claim 10,wherein forming the outer layer comprises forming the outer layer from aplurality of thermoformed, compressed layers.
 12. The method of claim10, further comprising forming a closable opening to the cavity.
 13. Themethod of claim 10, further comprising, bonding together at least a partof the inner portion and the outer layer.
 14. The method of claim 13,wherein the step of bonding comprises at least one of: stitching,riveting, sewing, stapling.
 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the stepof bonding comprises at least one of: thermally boding, applying anadhesive layer, or arranging a compression fitting.
 16. The method ofclaim 10, wherein forming the inner portion comprises further comprisesshaping the inner portion to form a cavity substantially conforming tothe shape of at least part of the equipment.
 17. The method of claim 16,wherein shaping the inner portion comprises forming the inner portion ina mold.
 18. The method of claim 10, wherein the inner portion comprisesa plurality of layers of ePP.
 19. The method of claim 18, wherein afirst layer of the plurality of layers of ePP has a higher density thana second layer of the plurality of layers of ePP.